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Continuous-time reinforcement learning (CTRL) provides a principled framework for sequential decision-making in environments where interactions evolve continuously over time. Despite its empirical success, the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Runze Zhao , Yue Yu , Adams Yiyue Zhu , Chen Yang , Dongruo Zhou

We consider the problem of learning the optimal action-value function in the discounted-reward Markov decision processes (MDPs). We prove a new PAC bound on the sample-complexity of model-based value iteration algorithm in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Remi Munos , Bert Kappen

Motivated by practical applications where stable long-term performance is critical-such as robotics, operations research, and healthcare-we study the problem of distributionally robust (DR) average-reward reinforcement learning. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zijun Chen , Shengbo Wang , Nian Si

Reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a powerful paradigm for enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning tasks. Recent advances indicate that integrating RL with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) allows LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wentao Jiang , Xiang Feng , Zengmao Wang , Yong Luo , Pingbo Xu , Zhe Chen , Bo Du , Jing Zhang

The success of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) lies in its ability to learn a representation that is well-suited for the exploration and exploitation task. To understand how the choice of representation can improve the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Weitong Zhang , Jiafan He , Dongruo Zhou , Amy Zhang , Quanquan Gu

Recently, Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been established as a highly effective technique for augmenting the math reasoning skills of Large Language Models (LLMs) based on a single instance. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rudray Dave , Vedang Dubey , Smit Deoghare , Sudhakar Mishra

State-of-the-art model-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches either use gradient-free, population-based methods for planning, learned policy networks, or a combination of policy networks and planning. Hybrid approaches that combine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jonathan Spieler , Sven Behnke

We address the problem of model selection for the finite horizon episodic Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem where the transition kernel $P^*$ belongs to a family of models $\mathcal{P}^*$ with finite metric entropy. In the model selection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-13 Avishek Ghosh , Sayak Ray Chowdhury , Kannan Ramchandran

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can directly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models without extensive reliance on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT). In this work, we revisit the traditional Policy Gradient (PG) mechanism and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiangxiang Chu , Hailang Huang , Xiao Zhang , Fei Wei , Yong Wang

Planning plays an important role in the broad class of decision theory. Planning has drawn much attention in recent work in the robotics and sequential decision making areas. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL), as an agent-environment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Alessandro Lazaric , Animashree Anandkumar

Designing a competent meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) algorithm in terms of data usage remains a central challenge to be tackled for its successful real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a sample-efficient meta-RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Jaeuk Shin , Giho Kim , Howon Lee , Joonho Han , Insoon Yang

We propose novel classical and quantum online algorithms for learning finite-horizon and infinite-horizon average-reward Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Our algorithms are based on a hybrid exploration-generative reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Andris Ambainis , Joao F. Doriguello , Debbie Lim

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of correcting errorful sentences into grammatically correct, semantically consistent, and coherent sentences. Popular GEC models either use large-scale synthetic corpora or use a large number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Hejing Cao , Dongyan Zhao

In the realm of education, both independent learning and group learning are esteemed as the most classic paradigms. The former allows learners to self-direct their studies, while the latter is typically characterized by teacher-directed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Xiaoshan Yu , Chuan Qin , Dazhong Shen , Shangshang Yang , Haiping Ma , Hengshu Zhu , Xingyi Zhang

We present Graph Attention Collaborative Similarity Embedding (GACSE), a new recommendation framework that exploits collaborative information in the user-item bipartite graph for representation learning. Our framework consists of two parts:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Jinbo Song , Chao Chang , Fei Sun , Zhenyang Chen , Guoyong Hu , Peng Jiang

Model-based deep reinforcement learning has achieved success in various domains that require high sample efficiencies, such as Go and robotics. However, there are some remaining issues, such as planning efficient explorations to learn more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Yao Yao , Li Xiao , Zhicheng An , Wanpeng Zhang , Dijun Luo

We study the design and implementation of numerical methods to solve the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) focusing on canonical sampling properties of numerical integrators. For this purpose, we cast the GLE in an extended phase space…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-09 Benedict Leimkuhler , Matthias Sachs

Generalizing deep reinforcement learning agents to unseen environments remains a significant challenge. One promising solution is Unsupervised Environment Design (UED), a co-evolutionary framework in which a teacher adaptively generates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Geonwoo Cho , Jaegyun Im , Jihwan Lee , Hojun Yi , Sejin Kim , Sundong Kim

While the state-of-the-art performance on entity resolution (ER) has been achieved by deep learning, its effectiveness depends on large quantities of accurately labeled training data. To alleviate the data labeling burden, Active Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Youcef Nafa , Qun Chen , Zhaoqiang Chen , Xingyu Lu , Haiyang He , Tianyi Duan , Zhanhuai Li

Sample-efficient exploration is crucial not only for discovering rewarding experiences but also for adapting to environment changes in a task-agnostic fashion. A principled treatment of the problem of optimal input synthesis for system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Matthias Schultheis , Boris Belousov , Hany Abdulsamad , Jan Peters
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