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Score-based diffusion models generate samples from a complex underlying data distribution by time-reversal of a diffusion process and represent the state-of-the-art in many generative AI applications. Here, I show how a generative diffusion…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-03 Adrian Baule

We propose an efficient framework for amortized conditional inference by leveraging exact conditional score-guided diffusion models to train a non-reversible neural network as a conditional generative model. Traditional normalizing flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zezhong Zhang , Caroline Tatsuoka , Dongbin Xiu , Guannan Zhang

Most existing generative models are limited to learning a single probability distribution from the training data and cannot generalize to novel distributions for unseen data. An architecture that can generate samples from both trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Xinyu Liao , Aoyang Qin , Jacob Seidman , Junqi Wang , Wei Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Sampling from an unknown distribution, accessible only through discrete samples, is a fundamental problem at the core of generative AI. The current state-of-the-art methods follow a two-step process: first, estimating the score function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Samuel Hurault , Matthieu Terris , Thomas Moreau , Gabriel Peyré

The incorporation of generative models as regularisers within variational formulations for inverse problems has proven effective across numerous image reconstruction tasks. However, the resulting optimisation problem is often non-convex and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Pascal Fernsel , Željko Kereta , Alexander Denker

Score-based generative models have excellent performance in terms of generation quality and likelihood. They model the data distribution by matching a parameterized score network with first-order data score functions. The score network can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-28 Cheng Lu , Kaiwen Zheng , Fan Bao , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

We survey continuous-time generative modeling methods based on transporting a simple reference distribution to a data distribution via stochastic or deterministic dynamics. We present a unified framework in which diffusion models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Aditya Ranganath , Mukesh Singhal

Score-based diffusion models provide a powerful way to model images using the gradient of the data distribution. Leveraging the learned score function as a prior, here we introduce a way to sample data from a conditional distribution given…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye

Score-based generative models (SGMs) are a popular family of deep generative models that achieve leading image generation quality. Early studies extend SGMs to tackle class-conditional generation by coupling an unconditional SGM with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Paul Kuo-Ming Huang , Si-An Chen , Hsuan-Tien Lin

We introduce ScoreFusion, a theoretically grounded method for fusing multiple pre-trained diffusion models that are assumed to generate from auxiliary populations. ScoreFusion is particularly useful for enhancing the generative modeling of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-18 Hao Liu , Junze Tony Ye , Jose Blanchet , Nian Si

There has been much progress on efficient algorithms for clustering data points generated by a mixture of $k$ probability distributions under the assumption that the means of the distributions are well-separated, i.e., the distance between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-04-13 Amit Kumar , Ravindran Kannan

This paper is concerned with the detection of multiple change-points in the joint distribution of independent categorical variables. The procedures introduced rely on model selection and are based on a penalized least-squares criterion.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-01-08 Nathalie Akakpo

Stochastic optimization via Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a fundamental problem in statistics and optimization. This paper revisits Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) for strongly convex objectives, establishing tight, uniform-in-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Kang Chen , Yasong Feng , Tianyu Wang

Gradient Descent (GD) is a powerful workhorse of modern machine learning thanks to its scalability and efficiency in high-dimensional spaces. Its ability to find local minimisers is only guaranteed for losses with Lipschitz gradients, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Lei Chen , Joan Bruna

Many problems encountered in science and engineering can be formulated as estimating a low-rank object (e.g., matrices and tensors) from incomplete, and possibly corrupted, linear measurements. Through the lens of matrix and tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Cong Ma , Xingyu Xu , Tian Tong , Yuejie Chi

Under data distributions which may be heavy-tailed, many stochastic gradient-based learning algorithms are driven by feedback queried at points with almost no performance guarantees on their own. Here we explore a modified "anytime…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-01 Matthew J. Holland

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have emerged as one of the most popular classes of generative models. A substantial body of work now exists on the analysis of SGMs, focusing either on discretization aspects or on their statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Benjamin Dupuis , Dario Shariatian , Maxime Haddouche , Alain Durmus , Umut Simsekli

Most results on Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) in the convex and smooth setting are presented under the form of bounds on the ergodic function value gap. It is an open question whether bounds can be derived directly on the last iterate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Guillaume Garrigos , Daniel Cortild , Lucas Ketels , Juan Peypouquet

In this article, we introduce a novel concept for second-order information of a nonsmooth function inspired by the Goldstein eps-subdifferential. It comprises the coefficients of all existing second-order Taylor expansions in an eps-ball…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-06 Bennet Gebken

This article concerns second-order time discretization of subdiffusion equations with time-dependent diffusion coefficients. High-order differentiability and regularity estimates are established for subdiffusion equations with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-05 Bangti Jin , Buyang Li , Zhi Zhou