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Score-based generative models (SGMs) aim at estimating a target data distribution by learning score functions using only noise-perturbed samples from the target.Recent literature has focused extensively on assessing the error between the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Stanislas Strasman , Antonio Ocello , Claire Boyer , Sylvain Le Corff , Vincent Lemaire

Score-based diffusion models, while achieving minimax optimality for sampling, are often hampered by slow sampling speeds due to the high computational burden of score function evaluations. Despite the recent remarkable empirical advances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai

An elementary approach to characterizing the impact of noise scheduling and time discretization in generative diffusion models is developed. We first utilize the Cram\'er-Rao bound to identify the Gaussian setting as a fundamental…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Qiang Sun , H. Vincent Poor , Wenyi Zhang

Score-based diffusion models have become a foundational paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating exceptional capability in generating samples from complex high-dimensional distributions. Despite the dominant adoption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Changxiao Cai , Gen Li

Diffusion models, which convert noise into new data instances by learning to reverse a diffusion process, have become a cornerstone in contemporary generative modeling. In this work, we develop non-asymptotic convergence theory for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

Score-based generative models (SGMs) need to approximate the scores $\nabla \log p_t$ of the intermediate distributions as well as the final distribution $p_T$ of the forward process. The theoretical underpinnings of the effects of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Jakiw Pidstrigach

Discrete-time diffusion-based generative models and score matching methods have shown promising results in modeling high-dimensional image data. Recently, Song et al. (2021) show that diffusion processes that transform data into noise can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Chin-Wei Huang , Jae Hyun Lim , Aaron Courville

Diffusion models generate samples by denoising along the score of a perturbed target distribution. In practice, one trains a neural diffusion model, which is computationally expensive. Recent work suggests that score matching implicitly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Zhenyu Yao , Daniel Paulin

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the simplest and most popular stochastic optimization methods. While it has already been theoretically studied for decades, the classical analysis usually required non-trivial smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Ohad Shamir , Tong Zhang

The generalized smooth condition, $(L_{0},L_{1})$-smoothness, has triggered people's interest since it is more realistic in many optimization problems shown by both empirical and theoretical evidence. Two recent works established the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zijian Liu , Srikanth Jagabathula , Zhengyuan Zhou

Score-based modeling through stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has provided a new perspective on diffusion models, and demonstrated superior performance on continuous data. However, the gradient of the log-likelihood function, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Haoran Sun , Lijun Yu , Bo Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Hanjun Dai

Score-based generative models are shown to achieve remarkable empirical performances in various applications such as image generation and audio synthesis. However, a theoretical understanding of score-based diffusion models is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Dohyun Kwon , Ying Fan , Kangwook Lee

We provide theoretical convergence guarantees for score-based generative models (SGMs) such as denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs), which constitute the backbone of large-scale real-world generative models such as DALL$\cdot$E…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Jerry Li , Yuanzhi Li , Adil Salim , Anru R. Zhang

While score-based generative models (SGMs) have achieved remarkable success in enormous image generation tasks, their mathematical foundations are still limited. In this paper, we analyze the approximation and generalization of SGMs in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Frank Cole , Yulong Lu

Score-based generative models, which transform noise into data by learning to reverse a diffusion process, have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI. This paper contributes to establishing theoretical guarantees for the probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-03 Jiaqi Tang , Yuling Yan

This paper studies the approximation and generalization abilities of score-based neural network generative models (SGMs) in estimating an unknown distribution $P_0$ from $n$ i.i.d. observations in $d$ dimensions. Assuming merely that $P_0$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Guoji Fu , Wee Sun Lee

Score-based diffusion models are a class of generative models whose dynamics is described by stochastic differential equations that map noise into data. While recent works have started to lay down a theoretical foundation for these models,…

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have recently demonstrated impressive results in terms of both sample quality and distribution coverage. However, they are usually applied directly in data space and often require thousands of network…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-03 Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis , Jan Kautz

In this paper, we explore provable acceleration of diffusion models without any additional retraining. Focusing on the task of approximating a target data distribution in $\mathbb{R}^d$ to within $\varepsilon$ total-variation distance, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Gen Li , Yuchen Zhou , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen