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We consider the problem of robust multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative communication and coordination tasks. MARL agents, mainly those trained in a centralized way, can be brittle because they can adopt policies that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-16 T. van der Heiden , C. Salge , E. Gavves , H. van Hoof

Artificial agents have been shown to learn to communicate when needed to complete a cooperative task. Some level of language structure (e.g., compositionality) has been found in the learned communication protocols. This observed structure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Fushan Li , Michael Bowling

Many real-world reinforcement learning tasks require multiple agents to make sequential decisions under the agents' interaction, where well-coordinated actions among the agents are crucial to achieve the target goal better at these tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Daewoo Kim , Sangwoo Moon , David Hostallero , Wan Ju Kang , Taeyoung Lee , Kyunghwan Son , Yung Yi

Constrained multi-agent reinforcement learning offers the framework to design scalable and almost surely feasible solutions for teams of agents operating in dynamic environments to carry out conflicting tasks. We address the challenges of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Leopoldo Agorio , Sean Van Alen , Santiago Paternain , Miguel Calvo-Fullana , Juan Andres Bazerque

Recent progress on large language models (LLMs) has enabled dialogue agents to generate highly naturalistic and plausible text. However, current LLM language generation focuses on responding accurately to questions and requests with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Joey Hong , Jessica Lin , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

The study of emergent communication has been dedicated to interactive artificial intelligence. While existing work focuses on communication about single objects or complex image scenes, we argue that communicating relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yicheng Feng , Boshi An , Zongqing Lu

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents often struggle to generalize to new tasks and contexts without updating their parameters, mainly because their learned representations and policies are overfit to the specifics of their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Fernando Martinez-Lopez , Tao Li , Yingdong Lu , Juntao Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has produced spectacular results in games, robotics, and continuous control. Yet, despite these successes, learned policies often fail to generalize beyond their training distribution, limiting real-world impact.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 André Biedenkapp

In most multiagent applications, communication is essential among agents to coordinate their actions, and thus achieve their goal. However, communication often has a related cost that affects overall system performance. In this paper, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Abeer Alshehri , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg

The relationship between a reinforcement learning (RL) agent and an asynchronous environment is often ignored. Frequently used models of the interaction between an agent and its environment, such as Markov Decision Processes (MDP) or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Jaden B. Travnik , Kory W. Mathewson , Richard S. Sutton , Patrick M. Pilarski

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents typically optimize their policies by performing expensive backward passes to update their network parameters. However, some agents can solve new tasks without updating any parameters by simply conditioning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Amir Moeini , Jiuqi Wang , Jacob Beck , Ethan Blaser , Shimon Whiteson , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang

Communicating in natural language is a powerful tool in multi-agent settings, as it enables independent agents to share information in partially observable settings and allows zero-shot coordination with humans. However, most prior works…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Bidipta Sarkar , Warren Xia , C. Karen Liu , Dorsa Sadigh

This work presents a novel communication framework for decentralized multi-agent systems operating in dynamic network environments. Integrated into a multi-agent reinforcement learning system, the framework is designed to enhance…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ben McClusky

There is significant evidence that real-world communication cannot be reduced to sending signals with context-independent meaning. In this work, based on a variant of the classical Lewis (1969) signaling model, we explore the conditions for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Krzysztof Główka , Julian Zubek , Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi

We investigate the task of learning to follow natural language instructions by jointly reasoning with visual observations and language inputs. In contrast to existing methods which start with learning from demonstrations (LfD) and then use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Wenhan Xiong , Xiaoxiao Guo , Mo Yu , Shiyu Chang , Bowen Zhou , William Yang Wang

In human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning or environments where calculating a reward is expensive, the costly rewards can make learning efficiency challenging to achieve. The cost of obtaining feedback from humans or calculating expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Muhammed Yusuf Satici , David L. Roberts

We study emergent communication in a multi-agent reinforcement learning setting, where the agents solve cooperative tasks and have access to a communication channel. The communication channel may consist of either discrete symbols or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 John Isak Fjellvang Villanger , Troels Arnfred Bojesen

Designing an effective communication mechanism among agents in reinforcement learning has been a challenging task, especially for real-world applications. The number of agents can grow or an environment sometimes needs to interact with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei Wei , Da-Cheng Juan , Min Sun

Effective communication requires the ability to refer to specific parts of an observation in relation to others. While emergent communication literature shows success in developing various language properties, no research has shown the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Olaf Lipinski , Adam J. Sobey , Federico Cerutti , Timothy J. Norman

Communication load balancing aims to balance the load between different available resources, and thus improve the quality of service for network systems. After formulating the load balancing (LB) as a Markov decision process problem,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Abhisek Konar , Di Wu , Yi Tian Xu , Seowoo Jang , Steve Liu , Gregory Dudek