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Privacy protection has become an increasing concern in modern machine learning applications. Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) has attracted growing research attention, with approaches such as secure multiparty computation (MPC)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Pengzhi Huang , Kiwan Maeng , G. Edward Suh

In this work, we present an efficient secure multi-party computation MPC protocol that provides strong security guarantees in settings with dishonest majority of participants who may behave arbitrarily. Unlike the popular MPC implementation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tzu-Shen Wang , Jimmy Dani , Juan Garay , Soamar Homsi , Nitesh Saxena

We study the problem of efficient generative inference for Transformer models, in one of its most challenging settings: large deep models, with tight latency targets and long sequence lengths. Better understanding of the engineering…

The community explored to build private inference frameworks for transformer-based large language models (LLMs) in a server-client setting, where the server holds the model parameters and the client inputs its private data (or prompt) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xuanqi Liu , Zhuotao Liu

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) is a broad cryptographic concept that can be adopted for privacy-preserving computation. With MPC, a number of parties can collaboratively compute a function, without revealing the actual input or output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Zhou Ni , Rujia Wang

Many ML applications and products train on medium amounts of input data but get bottlenecked in real-time inference. When implementing ML systems, conventional wisdom favors segregating ML code into services queried by product code via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Daniel S Johnson , Igor L Markov

With the growing use of large language models (LLMs) hosted on cloud platforms to offer inference services, privacy concerns about the potential leakage of sensitive information are escalating. Secure multi-party computation (MPC) is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Guang Yan , Yuhui Zhang , Zimu Guo , Lutan Zhao , Xiaojun Chen , Chen Wang , Wenhao Wang , Dan Meng , Rui Hou

Multi-party computing (MPC) has been gaining popularity as a secure computing model over the past few years. However, prior works have demonstrated that MPC protocols still pay substantial performance penalties compared to plaintext,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yongqin Wang , Rachit Rajat , Murali Annavaram

This paper proposes Impala, a new cryptographic protocol for private inference in the client-cloud setting. Impala builds upon recent solutions that combine the complementary strengths of homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure multi-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Woo-Seok Choi , Brandon Reagen , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) allows mutually distrusting parties to run joint computations without revealing private data. Current MPC algorithms scale poorly with data size, which makes MPC on "big data" prohibitively slow and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Nikolaj Volgushev , Malte Schwarzkopf , Ben Getchell , Mayank Varia , Andrei Lapets , Azer Bestavros

With the growing deployment of pre-trained models like Transformers on cloud platforms, privacy concerns about model parameters and inference data are intensifying. Existing Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference (PPTI) frameworks face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jinglong Luo , Guanzhong Chen , Yehong Zhang , Shiyu Liu , Hui Wang , Yue Yu , Xun Zhou , Yuan Qi , Zenglin Xu

Cloud platforms are increasingly relied upon to host diverse, resource-intensive workloads due to their scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency. In multi-tenant cloud environments, virtual machines are consolidated on shared physical…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Amirhossein Shahbazinia , Darong Huang , Luis Costero , David Atienza

Transformer models have revolutionized AI, enabling applications like content generation and sentiment analysis. However, their use in Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) raises significant privacy concerns, as centralized servers process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yang Li , Xinyu Zhou , Yitong Wang , Liangxin Qian , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) face significant inference latency due to inefficiencies in GEMM operations, weight access, and KV cache access, especially in real-time scenarios. This highlights the need for a versatile compute-memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Huizheng Wang , Zichuan Wang , Zhiheng Yue , Yousheng Long , Taiquan Wei , Jianxun Yang , Yang Wang , Chao Li , Shaojun Wei , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

Secure multi-party computation (MPC) allows users to offload machine learning inference on untrusted servers without having to share their privacy-sensitive data. Despite their strong security properties, MPC-based private inference has not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Kiwan Maeng , G. Edward Suh

With the increasing demands for privacy protection, many privacy-preserving machine learning systems were proposed in recent years. However, most of them cannot be put into production due to their slow training and inference speed caused by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Fei Zheng

The drastic increase in language models' parameters has led to a new trend of deploying models in cloud servers, raising growing concerns about private inference for Transformer-based models. Existing two-party privacy-preserving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Zi Liang , Pinghui Wang , Ruofei Zhang , Nuo Xu , Lifeng Xing , Shuo Zhang

Transformer, BERT and their variants have achieved great success in natural language processing. Since Transformer models are huge in size, serving these models is a challenge for real industrial applications. In this paper, we propose…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Xiaohui Wang , Ying Xiong , Yang Wei , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li

Transformers have become a predominant machine learning workload, they are not only the de-facto standard for natural language processing tasks, but they are also being deployed in other domains such as vision and speech recognition. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Ibrahim Ahmed , Sahil Parmar , Matthew Boyd , Michael Beidler , Kris Kang , Bill Liu , Kyle Roach , John Kim , Dennis Abts

Search for the optimizer in computationally demanding model predictive control (MPC) setups can be facilitated by Cloud as a service provider in cyber-physical systems. This advantage introduces the risk that Cloud can obtain unauthorized…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-12 Teimour Hosseinalizadeh , Nils Schlüter , Moritz Schulze Darup , Nima Monshizadeh