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Two-photon photopolymerization delivers prints without support structures and minimizes layering artifacts in a broad range of materials. This volumetric printing approach scans a focused light source throughout the entire volume of a resin…

Dense and efficient circuits with component sizes approaching the physical limit is the hallmark of high performance integration. However, current fabrication technology is mostly constraint to 2D lithography, and thermal energy dissipation…

Optics · Physics 2021-12-15 Adria Grabulosa , Johnny Moughames , Xavier Porte , Daniel Brunner

Light-based additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) objects offering a cost-effective and high-speed alternative to traditional machining. One-photon polymerization is a key process…

Light-matter interactions in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength region exhibits a variety of optical effects such as luminescence, photoisomerization, and polymerization in many materials. Despite the rich photochemistry and high spatial…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 Atsushi Taguchi , Atsushi Nakayama , Ryosuke Oketani , Satoshi Kawata , Katsumasa Fujita

Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing enables cost-effective, high-speed fabrication of complex 3D structures but is constrained by a trade-off between resolution and printing speed. Single-photon polymerization ensures rapid…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-21 Buse Unlu , Felix Wechsler , Ye Pu , Christophe Moser

Two-photon photopolymerization of UV curing resins is an attractive method for the fabrication of microscopic transparent objects with size in the tens of micrometers range. We have been using this method to produce three-dimensional…

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is an advanced manufacturing technique that allows the fabrication of arbitrary macroscopic and microscopic objects. All 3D printing systems require large optical elements or nozzles in…

Light-based additive manufacturing holds great potential in the field of bioprinting due to its exceptional spatial resolution, enabling the reconstruction of intricate tissue structures. However, printing through biological tissues is…

Two-photon photopolymerization (TPP) has recently become a popular method for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) micro- and nanostructures. The reproduction fidelity of the designed micro- and nanostructures is influenced by…

Optics · Physics 2022-07-12 Yanping He , Qi Shao , Shih-chi Chen , Renjie Zhou

Micro- and nanoscale fabrication, which enables precise construction of intricate three-dimensional structures, is of foundational importance for advancing innovation in plasmonics, nanophotonics, and biomedical applications. However,…

Upconversion of low-energy photons to higher-energy photons provides an opportunity to surpass traditional limitations in fields such as 3D printing, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. Triplet--triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is…

Photopolymerization processes are exploited in light exposure-based 3D printing technologies, where either a focused laser beam or a patterned light sheet allows layers of a UV curable, liquid pre-polymer to be solidified. Here we focus on…

In two-photon polymerization (TPP), the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin has an effect on a broad range of material properties like refractive index (RI) or stiffness. Heterogeneous DC can substitute material doping and multimaterial…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-13 Michal Ziemczonok , Koen Vanmol

Localized polymerization in subwavelength volumes using two photon dyes has now become a well-established method for fabrication of subwavelength structures. Unfortunately, the two photon absorption dyes used in such process are not only…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-09-09 Govind Ummethala , Arun Jaiswal , Raghvendra P Chaudhary , Suyog Hawal , Sumit Saxena , Shobha Shukla

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles emerged recently as an attractive material platform underpinning a broad range of innovative applications such as optical cryptography, luminescent probes, and lasing. However, the intricate…

Video-rate super-resolution imaging through biological tissue can visualize and track biomolecule interplays and transportations inside cellular organisms. Structured illumination microscopy allows for wide-field super resolution…

We report an ultrafast, parallel and beyond-the-master micro-patterning technique for ultrathin (30 nm-400 nm) non-absorbing polymer films by diffraction of a laser light through a two dimensional periodic aperture. The redistribution of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2011-01-28 Ankur Verma , Ashutosh Sharma , Giridhar U. Kulkarni

3D printing allows rapid fabrication of complex objects from digital designs. One 3D-printing process, direct laser writing, polymerises a light-sensitive material by steering a focused laser beam through the shape of the object to be…

One-photon or two photon absorption by dye molecules in photopolymers enable direct 2D & 3D lithography of micro/nano structures with high spatial resolution and can be used effectively in fabricating artificially structured nanomaterials.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-09-09 Raghvendra P Chaudhary , Arun Jaiswal , Govind Ummethala , Suyog R Hawal , Sumit Saxena , Shobha Shukla

3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing of volumetric components and structures for use in various fields. Owing to the advent of photo-curable resins, several fully volumetric light-based techniques have been recently developed to…

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