Related papers: Current Noise of Hydrodynamic Electrons
Johnson noise thermometry enables direct measurement of the electron temperature, a valuable probe of many-body systems. Practical use of this technique calls for non-equilibrium generalizations of the Johnson-Nyquist theorem. For a…
We consider the modeling of noise in a nonlinear, classical, resistive electrical component using two models: i) a continuous description based on a stochastic differential equation with a white thermal Gaussian noise; ii) a discrete, shot…
It is well known since a long time that all lossy conductors at finite temperature display an electronic noise, the Johnson-Nyquist noise, arising from the thermal agitation of electric charges inside the conductor. The existence of this…
Johnson noise is a small random voltage that appears between terminals of any resistor interacting with its thermal bath at temperature T. It looks like continuous, but the discreteness of the electrical charge suggests its discrete origin…
We consider the Johnson noise of a two-dimensional, two-terminal electrical conductor for which the electron system obeys the Wiedemann-Franz law. We derive two simple and generic relations between the Johnson Noise temperature and the heat…
Fluctuations arising in nonlinear dissipative systems (diode, transistors, chemical reaction, etc.) subject to an external drive (voltage, chemical potential, etc.) are well known to elude any simple characterization such as the…
The current noise density S of a conductor in equilibrium, the Johnson noise, is determined by its temperature T: S=4kTG with G the conductance. The sample's noise temperature Tn=S/(4kG) generalizes T for a system out of equilibrium. We…
Magnetic Johnson-Nyquist noise (JNN) originating from metal electrodes, used to create a static electric field in neutron electric-dipole-moment (nEDM) experiments, may limit the sensitivity of measurements. We present here the first…
We developed an absolute Johnson noise thermometer (JNT), an instrument to measure the thermodynamic temperature of a sensing resistor, with traceability to voltage, resistance and frequency quantities. The temperature is measured in energy…
We present measurements of current noise in quantum point contacts as a function of source-drain bias, gate voltage, and in-plane magnetic field. At zero bias, Johnson noise provides a measure of the electron temperature. At finite bias,…
In many quantum computer architectures, the qubits are in close proximity to metallic device elements. The fluctuating currents in the metal give rise to noisy electromagnetic fields that leak out into the surrounding region. These fields…
The Boltzmann constant was measured by comparing the Johnson noise of a resistor at the triple point of water with a quantum-based voltage reference signal generated with a superconducting Josephson-junction waveform synthesizer. The…
Magnetic Johnson noise is an important consideration for many applications involving precision magnetometry, and its significance will only increase in the future with improvements in measurement sensitivity. The fluctuation-dissipation…
We study Johnson-Nyquist noise in macroscopically inhomogeneous disordered metals and give a microscopic derivation of the correlation function of the scalar electric potentials in real space. Starting from the interacting Hamiltonian for…
We develop a high frequency, wide bandwidth radiometer operating at room temperature, which augments the traditional technique of Johnson noise thermometry for nanoscale thermal transport studies. Employing low noise amplifiers and an…
We derive some of the properties of blackbody radiation using thermodynamic identities. A few of the results reported earlier (in Part 1 of the present paper) will be re-derived here from a different perspective. We argue that the…
The unit of thermodynamic temperature, the kelvin, will be redefined in 2018 by fixing the value of the Boltzmann constant, k. The present CODATA recommended value of k is determined predominantly by acoustic gas-thermometry results. To…
Thermoelectric materials exhibit correlated transport of charge and heat. The Johnson-Nyquist noise formula $ 4 k_B T R $ for spectral density of voltage fluctuations accounts for fluctuations associated solely with Ohmic dissipation.…
Exploiting the two-point measurement statistics, we propose a quantum measurement scheme of current with limited resolution of electron counting. Our scheme is equivalent to the full counting statistics in the long-time measurement with the…
The famous Johnson-Nyquist formula relating noise current to conductance has a microscopic generalization relating noise current density to microscopic conductivity, with corollary relations governing noise in the components of the…