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We investigate the task of assessing sentence-level prompt relevance in learner essays. Various systems using word overlap, neural embeddings and neural compositional models are evaluated on two datasets of learner writing. We propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Marek Rei , Ronan Cummins

Word embeddings are a fundamental tool in natural language processing. Currently, word embedding methods are evaluated on the basis of empirical performance on benchmark data sets, and there is a lack of rigorous understanding of their…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-18 Neil Dey , Matthew Singer , Jonathan P. Williams , Srijan Sengupta

We propose a resampling-based approach for assessing keyness in corpus linguistics based on suggestions by Gries (2006, 2022). Traditional approaches based on hypothesis tests (e.g. Likelihood Ratio) model the copora as independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Thoralf Mildenberger

Word and sentence embeddings are useful feature representations in natural language processing. However, intrinsic evaluation for embeddings lags far behind, and there has been no significant update since the past decade. Word and sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo , Haizhou Li

Heretofore, the only way to evaluate an author has been frequency-based citation metrics that assume citations to be of a neutral sentiment. However, considering the sentiment behind citations aids in a better understanding of the…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Shikha Gupta , Animesh Kumar

Keyword extraction is an important document process that aims at finding a small set of terms that concisely describe a document's topics. The most popular state-of-the-art unsupervised approaches belong to the family of the graph-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Eirini Papagiannopoulou , Grigorios Tsoumakas , Apostolos N. Papadopoulos

We present a clustering-based language model using word embeddings for text readability prediction. Presumably, an Euclidean semantic space hypothesis holds true for word embeddings whose training is done by observing word co-occurrences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Miriam Cha , Youngjune Gwon , H. T. Kung

Local explanation methods highlight the input tokens that have a considerable impact on the outcome of classifying the document at hand. For example, the Anchor algorithm applies a statistical analysis of the sensitivity of the classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Alon Mor , Yonatan Belinkov , Benny Kimelfeld

Distributed language representation has become the most widely used technique for language representation in various natural language processing tasks. Most of the natural language processing models that are based on deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Martina Toshevska , Frosina Stojanovska , Jovan Kalajdjieski

Given a random text over a finite alphabet, we study the frequencies at which fixed-length words occur as subsequences. As the data size grows, the joint distribution of word counts exhibits a rich asymptotic structure. We investigate all…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Chaim Even-Zohar , Tsviqa Lakrec , Ran J. Tessler

Research performance is often measured using bibliometric indicators, such as publication count, total citations, and $h$-index. These metrics influence career advancements, salary adjustments, administrative opportunities, funding…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Md Somir Khan , Mehmet Engin Tozal

Word embedding, which encodes words into vectors, is an important starting point in natural language processing and commonly used in many text-based machine learning tasks. However, in most current word embedding approaches, the similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Denis Sedov , Zhirong Yang

Usage similarity estimation addresses the semantic proximity of word instances in different contexts. We apply contextualized (ELMo and BERT) word and sentence embeddings to this task, and propose supervised models that leverage these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Aina Garí Soler , Marianna Apidianaki , Alexandre Allauzen

This paper evaluates existing and newly proposed answer selection methods based on pre-trained word embeddings. Word embeddings are highly effective in various natural language processing tasks and their integration into traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Rishav Chakravarti , Jiri Navratil , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos

Topic evolution modeling has been researched for a long time and has gained considerable interest. A state-of-the-art method has been recently using word modeling algorithms in combination with community detection mechanisms to achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Patrick Kiss , Elaheh Momeni

We describe a technique for attributing parts of a written text to a set of unknown authors. Nothing is assumed to be known a priori about the writing styles of potential authors. We use multiple independent clusterings of an input text to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-27 David Fifield , Torbjørn Follan , Emil Lunde

A search query consists of several words. In a proximity full-text search, we want to find documents that contain these words near each other. This task requires much time when the query consists of high-frequently occurring words. If we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Alexander B. Veretennikov

This article focuses on the importance of the precise calculation of similarity factors between papers and reviewers for performing a fair and accurate automatic assignment of reviewers to papers. It suggests that papers and reviewers'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-09-26 Yordan Kalmukov

An ongoing challenge in the analysis of document collections is how to summarize content in terms of a set of inferred themes that can be interpreted substantively in terms of topics. The current practice of parametrizing the themes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Edoardo M Airoldi , Jonathan M Bischof

We consider probabilistic topic models and more recent word embedding techniques from a perspective of learning hidden semantic representations. Inspired by a striking similarity of the two approaches, we merge them and learn probabilistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Anna Potapenko , Artem Popov , Konstantin Vorontsov