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Related papers: Processing Long Legal Documents with Pre-trained T…

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Despite advances in legal NLP, no comprehensive evaluation of Transformer-based models customized for legal tasks (referred to as `legal-specific' models in this paper) exists for contract classification tasks. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Amrita Singh , H. Suhan Karaca , Aditya Joshi , Hye-young Paik , Jiaojiao Jiang

Despite being the current de-facto models in most NLP tasks, transformers are often limited to short sequences due to their quadratic attention complexity on the number of tokens. Several attempts to address this issue were studied, either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Amine Abdaoui , Sourav Dutta

Predicting the judgment of a legal case from its unannotated case facts is a challenging task. The lengthy and non-uniform document structure poses an even greater challenge in extracting information for decision prediction. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

The impressive progress in NLP techniques has been driven by the development of multi-task benchmarks such as GLUE and SuperGLUE. While these benchmarks focus on tasks for one or two input sentences, there has been exciting work in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 G Thomas Hudson , Noura Al Moubayed

With the development of large-scale Language Models (LLM), fine-tuning pre-trained LLM has become a mainstream paradigm for solving downstream tasks of natural language processing. However, training a language model in the legal field…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun-Hsien Lin , Pu-Jen Cheng

Classifying legal documents is a challenge, besides their specialized vocabulary, sometimes they can be very long. This means that feeding full documents to a Transformers-based models for classification might be impossible, expensive or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Luis Adrián Cabrera-Diego

Automatic extraction of definitions from legal texts is critical for enhancing the comprehension and clarity of complex legal corpora such as the United States Code (U.S.C.). We present an advanced NLP system leveraging transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Arpana Hosabettu , Harsh Shah

Two step document ranking, where the initial retrieval is done by a classical information retrieval method, followed by neural re-ranking model, is the new standard. The best performance is achieved by using transformer-based models as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ivan Sekulić , Amir Soleimani , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Learning multiscale Transformer models has been evidenced as a viable approach to augmenting machine translation systems. Prior research has primarily focused on treating subwords as basic units in developing such systems. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Bei Li , Yi Jing , Xu Tan , Zhen Xing , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Legal texts routinely use concepts that are difficult to understand. Lawyers elaborate on the meaning of such concepts by, among other things, carefully investigating how have they been used in past. Finding text snippets that mention a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Jaromir Savelka , Kevin D. Ashley

Large-scale transformer-based models like the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) are widely used for Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, wherein these models are initially pre-trained with a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Mohammad Wali Ur Rahman , Murad Mehrab Abrar , Hunter Gibbons Copening , Salim Hariri , Sicong Shao , Pratik Satam , Soheil Salehi

The exponential growth of online textual content across diverse domains has necessitated advanced methods for automated text classification. Large Language Models (LLMs) based on transformer architectures have shown significant success in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Gábor Kertész

Recent advances in language modelling has significantly decreased the need of labelled data in text classification tasks. Transformer-based models, pre-trained on unlabeled data, can outmatch the performance of models trained from scratch…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mariana Yukari Noguti , Edduardo Vellasques , Luiz Eduardo Soares Oliveira

In this paper, we introduce our approaches using Transformer-based models for different problems of the COLIEE 2021 automatic legal text processing competition. Automated processing of legal documents is a challenging task because of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Minh-Phuong Nguyen , Thi-Hai-Yen Vuong , Minh-Quan Bui , Minh-Chau Nguyen , Tran-Binh Dang , Vu Tran , Le-Minh Nguyen , Ken Satoh

A legal document is usually long and dense requiring human effort to parse it. It also contains significant amounts of jargon which make deriving insights from it using existing models a poor approach. This paper presents the approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Anshika Gupta , Shaz Furniturewala , Vijay Kumari , Yashvardhan Sharma

Legal multi-label classification is a critical task for organizing and accessing the vast amount of legal documentation. Despite its importance, it faces challenges such as the complexity of legal language, intricate label dependencies, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Emily Johnson , Xavier Holt , Noah Wilson

Recent advances in neural architectures, such as the Transformer, coupled with the emergence of large-scale pre-trained models such as BERT, have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), pushing the state of the art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Anton Chernyavskiy , Dmitry Ilvovsky , Preslav Nakov

Transformer models cannot easily scale to long sequences due to their O(N^2) time and space complexity. This has led to Transformer variants seeking to lower computational complexity, such as Longformer and Performer. While such models have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guanghui Qin , Yukun Feng , Benjamin Van Durme

In recent years, thanks to breakthroughs in neural network techniques especially attentive deep learning models, natural language processing has made many impressive achievements. However, automated legal word processing is still a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Ha-Thanh Nguyen

Transformer-based language models (TLMs) have widely been recognized to be a cutting-edge technology for the successful development of deep-learning-based solutions to problems and applications that require natural language processing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Candida M. Greco , Andrea Tagarelli