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We consider the problem of learning useful robotic skills from previously collected offline data without access to manually specified rewards or additional online exploration, a setting that is becoming increasingly important for scaling…

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) often fit training trajectories while generalizing poorly to unseen initial conditions and long horizons. We propose MPINeuralODE, which combines a soft physics-informed residual with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lake Yang , Antonio Malpica-Morales , Frank Ioannis Papadakis Wood , Serafim Kalliadasis

Large Language Model (LLM) agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) show great promise for solving complex, multi-step tasks. However, their performance is often crippled by "Context Explosion", where the accumulation of long text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xuanzhang Liu , Jianglun Feng , Zhuoran Zhuang , Junzhe Zhao , Maofei Que , Jieting Li , Dianlei Wang , Hao Tong , Ye Chen , Pan Li

Continuous-time stochastic processes underlie many natural and engineered systems. In healthcare, autonomous driving, and industrial control, direct interaction with the environment is often unsafe or impractical, motivating offline…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-14 Nicolas Hoischen , Petar Bevanda , Max Beier , Stefan Sosnowski , Boris Houska , Sandra Hirche

The rapid evolution of machine learning has propelled neural networks to unprecedented success across diverse domains. In particular, multimodal learning has emerged as a transformative paradigm, leveraging complementary information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Fushuo Huo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely used to solve tasks where the environment consistently provides a dense reward value. However, in real-world scenarios, rewards can often be poorly defined or sparse. Auxiliary signals are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 David Valencia , Henry Williams , Yuning Xing , Trevor Gee , Minas Liarokapis , Bruce A. MacDonald

As learning-based robotic controllers are typically trained offline and deployed with fixed parameters, their ability to cope with unforeseen changes during operation is limited. Biologically inspired, this work presents a framework for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Fabian Domberg , Georg Schildbach

Efficiently tackling multiple tasks within complex environment, such as those found in robot manipulation, remains an ongoing challenge in robotics and an opportunity for data-driven solutions, such as reinforcement learning (RL).…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Carlos Plou , Ana C. Murillo , Ruben Martinez-Cantin

Solving control tasks in complex environments automatically through learning offers great potential. While contemporary techniques from deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provide effective solutions, their decision-making is not transparent.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Martin Tappler , Edi Muškardin , Bernhard K. Aichernig , Bettina Könighofer

Model-based reinforcement learning methods learn a dynamics model with real data sampled from the environment and leverage it to generate simulated data to derive an agent. However, due to the potential distribution mismatch between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Jian Shen , Han Zhao , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can effectively learn complex policies. However, learning these policies often demands extensive trial-and-error interactions with the environment. In many real-world scenarios, this approach is not practical due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Linh Le Pham Van , Hung The Tran , Sunil Gupta

This work proposes an extension of neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) by introducing an additional set of ODE input parameters to NODEs. This extension allows NODEs to learn multiple dynamics specified by the input parameter…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Kookjin Lee , Eric J. Parish

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) provides powerful methods for training optimal sequential decision-making agents. As collecting real-world interactions can entail additional costs and safety risks, the common paradigm of sim2real conducts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Minqi Jiang

Real-world reinforcement learning (RL) environments, whether in robotics or industrial settings, often involve non-visual observations and require not only efficient but also reliable and thus interpretable and flexible RL approaches. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Moritz Lange , Noah Krystiniak , Raphael C. Engelhardt , Wolfgang Konen , Laurenz Wiskott

Developing policies that can adjust to non-stationary environments is essential for real-world reinforcement learning applications. However, learning such adaptable policies in offline settings, with only a limited set of pre-collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Xinyu Zhang , Wenjie Qiu , Yi-Chen Li , Lei Yuan , Chengxing Jia , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu

We propose a lifelong learning architecture, the Neural Computer Agent (NCA), where a Reinforcement Learning agent is paired with a predictive model of the environment learned by a Differentiable Neural Computer (DNC). The agent and DNC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Adeel Mufti , Svetlin Penkov , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model reasoning is frequently hindered by signal loss, a phenomenon where standard uniform sampling with small group sizes fails to uncover informative learning signals for difficult prompts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Wei Xiong , Chenlu Ye , Baohao Liao , Hanze Dong , Xinxing Xu , Christof Monz , Jiang Bian , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

We consider the challenge of developing agents that efficiently interact with high-dimensional, evolving environments, towards a view of practical reinforcement learning (RL) agents interacting with open worlds, of which they witness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shruti Mishra , Michael Chang , Vamsi Spandan , Shmuel M. Rubinstein

Accurate models of the world are built upon notions of its underlying symmetries. In physics, these symmetries correspond to conservation laws, such as for energy and momentum. Yet even though neural network models see increasing use in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Miles Cranmer , Sam Greydanus , Stephan Hoyer , Peter Battaglia , David Spergel , Shirley Ho

Model-free deep reinforcement learning algorithms have been shown to be capable of learning a wide range of robotic skills, but typically require a very large number of samples to achieve good performance. Model-based algorithms, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Anusha Nagabandi , Gregory Kahn , Ronald S. Fearing , Sergey Levine