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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods typically require that agents enjoy global state observability, preventing development of decentralized algorithms and limiting scalability. Recent work has shown that, under assumptions on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Wesley A Suttle , Vipul K Sharma , Brian M Sadler

The application of deep reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems introduces extra challenges. In a scenario with numerous agents, one of the most important concerns currently being addressed is how to develop sufficient collaboration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Bin Zhang , Yunpeng Bai , Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Guoliang Fan

The multi-agent reinforcement learning systems (MARL) based on the Markov decision process (MDP) have emerged in many critical applications. To improve the robustness/defense of MARL systems against adversarial attacks, the study of various…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Ziqing Lu , Guanlin Liu , Lifeng Lai , Weiyu Xu

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been an increasingly important research topic in the last half-decade because of its great potential for real-world applications. Because of the curse of dimensionality, the popular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Markov games (MGs) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) are studied to model decision making in multi-agent systems. Traditionally, the objective in MG and MARL has been risk-neutral, i.e., agents are assumed to optimize a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hafez Ghaemi , Shirin Jamshidi , Mohammad Mashreghi , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Hamed Kebriaei

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for the general-sum Markov Games (MGs) under the general function approximation. In order to find the minimum assumption for sample-efficient learning, we introduce a novel complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Nuoya Xiong , Zhihan Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Analysing learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) environments is challenging, in particular with respect to \textit{individual} decision-making. Practitioners frequently struggle to compare training runs due to the inherent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , María Pérez-Ortiz , Mirco Musolesi

The creation and destruction of agents in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a critically under-explored area of research. Current MARL algorithms often assume that the number of agents within a group remains fixed…

Credit assignment is a critical problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), aiming to identify agents' marginal contributions for optimizing cooperative policies. Current credit assignment methods typically assume synchronous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yongheng Liang , Hejun Wu , Haitao Wang , Hao Cai

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with centralized training and decentralized execution. During the training, new agents may join, and existing agents may unexpectedly leave the training. In such situations, a standard deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Xuting Tang , Jia Xu , Shusen Wang

Intraday surgical scheduling is a multi-objective decision problem under uncertainty-balancing elective throughput, urgent and emergency demand, delays, sequence-dependent setups, and overtime. We formulate the problem as a cooperative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Kailiang Liu , Ying Chen , Ralf Borndörfer , Thorsten Koch

Credit assignment is a core challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), especially in large-scale systems with structured, local interactions. Graph-based Markov decision processes (GMDPs) capture such settings via an influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Ahmed Rashwan , Keith Briggs , Chris Budd , Lisa Kreusser

The growing demand for robust, scalable wireless networks in the 5G-and-beyond era has led to the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as mobile base stations to enhance coverage in dense urban and underserved rural areas. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Ghoshana Bista , Abbas Bradai , Emmanuel Moulay , Abdulhalim Dandoush

In this paper, we study the cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems using Reward Machines (RMs) to specify the reward functions such that the prior knowledge of high-level events in a task can be leveraged to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xuejing Zheng , Chao Yu

Agent-based models (ABMs) have shown promise for modelling various real world phenomena incompatible with traditional equilibrium analysis. However, a critical concern is the manual definition of behavioural rules in ABMs. Recent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Benjamin Patrick Evans , Sumitra Ganesh

We propose a novel approach to address one aspect of the non-stationarity problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL), where the other agents may alter their policies due to environment changes during execution. This violates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Yixiang Wang , Feng Wu

The empirical success of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has motivated the search for more efficient and scalable algorithms for large scale multi-agent systems. However, existing state-of-the-art algorithms do not fully exploit…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shahbaz P Qadri Syed , He Bai

A central problem in the theory of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to understand what structural conditions and algorithmic principles lead to sample-efficient learning guarantees, and how these considerations change as we move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dylan J. Foster , Dean P. Foster , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

Autonomous cyber and cyber-physical systems need to perform decision-making, learning, and control in unknown environments. Such decision-making can be sensitive to multiple factors, including modeling errors, changes in costs, and impacts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Abdullah Al Maruf , Luyao Niu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran

Recently, deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has demonstrated its potential to tackle complex cooperative tasks, pushing the boundaries of AI in collaborative environments. However, the efficiency of these systems is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yangkun Chen , Kai Yang , Jian Tao , Jiafei Lyu