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Detecting biases in the outputs produced by generative models is essential to reduce the potential risks associated with their application in critical settings. However, the majority of existing methodologies for identifying biases in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Erica Coppolillo , Giuseppe Manco , Luca Maria Aiello

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks, yet they face significant limitations in handling complex, long-context programming challenges and demonstrating complex compositional reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Amr Almorsi , Mohanned Ahmed , Walid Gomaa

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in code generation, but still face challenges on tasks beyond their basic capabilities. Recently, the notion of self-debugging has been proposed to boost the performance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Xiancai Chen , Zhengwei Tao , Kechi Zhang , Changzhi Zhou , Wanli Gu , Yuanpeng He , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Haiyan Zhao , Zhi Jin

Code generation aims to automatically generate code snippets of specific programming language according to natural language descriptions. The continuous advancements in deep learning, particularly pre-trained models, have empowered the code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zezhou Yang , Sirong Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Zhenhao Li , Xing Hu , Kui Liu , Xin Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman

Existing reinforcement learning strategies based on outcome supervision have proven effective in enhancing the performance of large language models(LLMs) for code generation. While reinforcement learning based on process supervision has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yufan Ye , Ting Zhang , Wenbin Jiang , Hua Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation. While an interactive feedback loop can improve performance, writing effective tests is a non-trivial task. Early multi-agent frameworks, such as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kaushitha Silva , Srinath Perera

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito

This article explores the natural language generation capabilities of large language models with application to the production of two types of learning resources common in programming courses. Using OpenAI Codex as the large language model,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Sami Sarsa , Paul Denny , Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen

Recently, we have witnessed the rapid development of large language models, which have demonstrated excellent capabilities in the downstream task of code generation. However, despite their potential, LLM-based code generation still faces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Haolin Jin , Huaming Chen , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu

Code assistants are increasingly utilized in test-driven software development, yet the theoretical mechanisms behind their environment-interaction strategies remain underexplored. We provide a probabilistic framework for two dominant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nicolas Menet , Michael Hersche , Andreas Krause , Abbas Rahimi

It is evident that deep text classification models trained on human data could be biased. In particular, they produce biased outcomes for texts that explicitly include identity terms of certain demographic groups. We refer to this type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Haochen Liu , Wei Jin , Hamid Karimi , Zitao Liu , Jiliang Tang

Large pre-trained language models have recently been expanded and applied to programming language tasks with great success, often through further pre-training of a strictly-natural language model--where training sequences typically contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Fenia Christopoulou , Guchun Zhang , Gerasimos Lampouras

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. However, a notable research gap exists in evaluating social biases that may be present in the code produced by LLMs. To solve this issue, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Lin Ling , Fazle Rabbi , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang

In an era of widespread influence of Natural Language Processing (NLP), there have been multiple research efforts to supplant traditional manual coding techniques with automated systems capable of generating solutions autonomously. With…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Namrata Das , Rakshya Panta , Neelam Karki , Ruchi Manandhar , Dinesh Baniya Kshatri

It is natural to suppose that a Large Language Model is more likely to generate correct test cases when prompted with correct code under test, compared to incorrect code under test. However, the size of this effect has never been previously…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Dong Huang , Jie M. Zhang , Mark Harman , Mingzhe Du , Heming Cui

Controllable text generation concerns two fundamental tasks of wide applications, namely generating text of given attributes (i.e., attribute-conditional generation), and minimally editing existing text to possess desired attributes (i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Zhiting Hu , Li Erran Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive results on diverse code-related tasks, benefiting from large-scale training and instruction tuning. However, studies reveal that their grasp of fundamental programming concepts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xiaoning Ren , Qiang Hu , Wei Ma , Yan Li , Yao Zhang , Lingxiao Jiang , Yinxing Xue

Generative AI enables rapid ``vibe coding," where natural language prompts yield working software systems. While this lowers barriers to software creation, it also collapses the boundary between prototypes and engineered software, leading…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jürgen Cito , Dominik Bork

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate biased and toxic responses. Yet most prior work on LLM gender bias evaluation requires predefined gender-related phrases or gender stereotypes, which are challenging to be comprehensively collected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xiangjue Dong , Yibo Wang , Philip S. Yu , James Caverlee