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Estimating the spectral characteristics of a nonstationary random process is an important but challenging task, which can be facilitated by exploiting structural properties of the process. In certain applications, the observed processes are…

Computation · Statistics 2013-04-25 Alexander Jung , Georg Tauböck , Franz Hlawatsch

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

This paper considers a network where a node wishes to transmit a source message to a legitimate receiver in the presence of an eavesdropper. The transmitter secures its transmissions employing a sparse implementation of Random Linear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Andrea Tassi , Robert J. Piechocki , Andrew Nix

Continuous-time reinforcement learning (CTRL) provides a natural framework for sequential decision-making in dynamic environments where interactions evolve continuously over time. While CTRL has shown growing empirical success, its ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Runze Zhao , Yue Yu , Ruhan Wang , Chunfeng Huang , Dongruo Zhou

Time-series forecasting in real-world applications such as finance and energy often faces challenges due to limited training data and complex, noisy temporal dynamics. Existing deep forecasting models typically supervise predictions using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jiacheng You , Jingcheng Yang , Yuhang Xie , Zhongxuan Wu , Xiucheng Li , Feng Li , Pengjie Wang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xinyang Chen

Simulation models of complex dynamics in the natural and social sciences commonly lack a tractable likelihood function, rendering traditional likelihood-based statistical inference impossible. Recent advances in machine learning have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-24 Joel Dyer , Patrick Cannon , Sebastian M Schmon

The accurate labeling of datasets is often both costly and time-consuming. Given an unlabeled dataset, programmatic weak supervision obtains probabilistic predictions for the labels by leveraging multiple weak labeling functions (LFs) that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-07 Verónica Álvarez , Santiago Mazuelas , Steven An , Sanjoy Dasgupta

In particle physics and cosmology, distinguishing subtle new physics signals from established backgrounds is a fundamental and persistent challenge for phenomenologists. This paper discuss a simple and robust statistical framework to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-08 S. Ansarifard

Stochastic processes defined on integer valued state spaces are popular within the physical and biological sciences. These models are necessary for capturing the dynamics of small systems where the individual nature of the populations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-15 Luke O'Loughlin , John Maclean , Andrew Black

We consider generalized linear regression analysis with left-censored covariate due to the lower limit of detection. Complete case analysis by eliminating observations with values below limit of detection yields valid estimates for…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-09 Shengchun Kong , Bin Nan

Training classifiers is difficult with severe class imbalance, but many rare events are the culmination of a sequence with much more common intermediate outcomes. For example, in online marketing a user first sees an ad, then may click on…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-31 Gregory Faletto , Jacob Bien

The rapid development of LLMs has sparked extensive research into their factual knowledge. Current works find that LLMs fall short on questions around low-frequency entities. However, such proofs are unreliable since the questions can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qing Zong , Zhaowei Wang , Tianshi Zheng , Xiyu Ren , Yangqiu Song

We study policy evaluation of offline contextual bandits subject to unobserved confounders. Sensitivity analysis methods are commonly used to estimate the policy value under the worst-case confounding over a given uncertainty set. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-13 Kei Ishikawa , Niao He , Takafumi Kanamori

Random sampling is an essential tool in the processing and transmission of data. It is used to summarize data too large to store or manipulate and meet resource constraints on bandwidth or battery power. Estimators that are applied to the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Edith Cohen , Haim Kaplan

In this paper we study the frequentist convergence rate for the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Blei et al., 2003) topic models. We show that the maximum likelihood estimator converges to one of the finitely many equivalent parameters in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-21 Yining Wang

Log-normal continuous random cascades form a class of multifractal processes that has already been successfully used in various fields. Several statistical issues related to this model are studied. We first make a quick but extensive review…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 E. Bacry , A. Kozhemyak , J. -F. Muzy

Improving Importance Sampling estimators for rare event probabilities requires sharp approximations of conditional densities. This is achieved for events E_{n}:=(f(X_{1})+...+f(X_{n}))\inA_{n} where the summands are i.i.d. and E_{n} is a…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-08 Michel Broniatowski , Virgile Caron

This paper studies a spectrum estimation method for the case that the samples are obtained at a rate lower than the Nyquist rate. The method is referred to as the correlogram for undersampled data. The algorithm partitions the spectrum into…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Mahdi Shaghaghi , Sergiy A. Vorobyov

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to acquire new behaviors from the input sequence alone without any parameter updates. Recent studies have shown that ICL can surpass the original meaning learned in pretraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yongyi Yang , Hidenori Tanaka , Wei Hu

Existing inferential methods for small area data involve a trade-off between maintaining area-level frequentist coverage rates and improving inferential precision via the incorporation of indirect information. In this article, we propose a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-19 Elizabeth Bersson , Peter D. Hoff