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Related papers: Probabilistic Parking Functions

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We introduce a generalization of parking functions in which cars are limited in their movement backwards and forwards by two nonnegative integer parameters $k$ and $\ell$, respectively. In this setting, there are $n$ spots on a one-way…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-24 Jennifer Elder , Pamela E. Harris , Lybitina Koene , Ilana Lavene , Lucy Martinez , Molly Oldham

This paper provides an exploration of parking functions, a classical combinatorial object. We present two viewpoints on their structure and properties: through poset of noncrossing partitions and polytopes.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Yan Liu

In this paper, we complete the enumeration of the number of parking functions of length $n$ avoiding, in the sense defined by Qiu and Remmel, a permutation of length 3, answering several questions of Adeniran and Pudwell. Additionally, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Ben Adenbaum

Classical parking functions are defined as the parking preferences for $n$ cars driving (from west to east) down a one-way street containing parking spaces labeled from $1$ to $n$ (from west to east). Cars drive down the street toward their…

Models of parking in which cars are placed randomly and then move according to a deterministic rule have been studied since the work of Konheim and Weiss in the 1960s. Recently, Damron, Gravner, Junge, Lyu, and Sivakoff introduced a model…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-19 Michał Przykucki , Alexander Roberts , Alex Scott

We apply the concept of parking functions to rooted labelled trees and functional digraphs of mappings (i.e., functions $f : [n] \to [n]$) by considering the nodes as parking spaces and the directed edges as one-way streets: Each driver has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-21 Marie-Louise Bruner , Alois Panholzer

We initiate the study of the cycle structure of uniformly random parking functions. Using the combinatorics of parking completions, we compute the asymptotic expected value of the number of cycles of any fixed length. We obtain an upper…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-01 J. E. Paguyo

Warning. The reading of this paper will send you down many winding roads toward new and exciting research topics enumerating generalized parking functions. Buckle up!

We introduce parking assortments, a generalization of parking functions with cars of assorted lengths. In this setting, there are $n\in\mathbb{N}$ cars of lengths $\mathbf{y}=(y_1,y_2,\ldots,y_n)\in\mathbb{N}^n$ entering a one-way street…

We recall that unit interval parking functions of length $n$ are a subset of parking functions in which every car parks in its preference or in the spot after its preference, and Fubini rankings of length $n$ are rankings of $n$ competitors…

We introduce the class of bilateral parking procedures on the integer line. While cars try to park in the nearest available spot to their right in the classical case, we consider more general parking rules that allow cars to use the nearest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Philippe Nadeau

A classical parking function of length $n$ is a list of positive integers $(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n)$ whose nondecreasing rearrangement $b_1 \leq b_2 \leq \cdots \leq b_n$ satisfies $b_i \leq i$. The convex hull of all parking functions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Mitsuki Hanada , John Lentfer , Andrés R. Vindas-Meléndez

In 2000, it was demonstrated that the set of $x$-parking functions of length $n$, where $x$=($a,b,...,b$) $\in \mathbbm{N}^n$, is equivalent to the set of rooted multicolored forests on [$n$]=\{1,...,$n$\}. In 2020, Yue Cai and Catherine H.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-09 Wenkai Yang

Parking sequences (a generalization of parking functions) are defined by specifying car lengths and requiring that a car attempts to park in the first available spot after its preference. If it does not fit there, then a collision occurs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Spencer J. Franks , Pamela E. Harris , Kimberly Harry , Jan Kretschmann , Megan Vance

We introduce a new parking procedure called MVP parking in which $n$ cars sequentially enter a one-way street with a preferred parking spot from the $n$ parking spots on the street. If their preferred spot is empty, they park there.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-21 Pamela E. Harris , Brian M. Kamau , J. Carlos Martínez Mori , Roger Tian

Probability functions appear in constraints of many optimization problems in practice and have become quite popular. Understanding their first-order properties has proven useful, not only theoretically but also in implementable algorithms,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-21 Wim van Ackooij , Pedro Pérez-Aros , Claudia Soto

Suppose that $n$ drivers each choose a preferred parking space in a linear car park with $m$ spaces. Each driver goes to the chosen space and parks there if it is free, and otherwise takes the first available space with larger number (if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-08 Peter J. Cameron , Daniel Johannsen , Thomas Prellberg , Pascal Schweitzer

A parking function on $[n]$ creates a permutation in $S_n$ via the order in which the $n$ cars appear in the $n$ parking spaces. Placing the uniform probability measure on the set of parking functions on $[n]$ induces a probability measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Ross G. Pinsky

In a parking function, a lucky car is a car that parks in its preferred parking spot and the parking outcome is the permutation encoding the order in which the cars park on the street. We give a characterization for the set of parking…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Pamela E. Harris , Lucy Martinez

In parking problems, a given number of cars enter a one-way street sequentially, and try to park according to a specified preferred spot in the street. Various models are possible depending on the chosen rule for collisions, when two cars…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Thomas Selig , Haoyue Zhu