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Predictive uncertainty estimation of pre-trained language models is an important measure of how likely people can trust their predictions. However, little is known about what makes a model prediction uncertain. Explaining predictive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Hanjie Chen , Wanyu Du , Yangfeng Ji

We establish a profound connection between coherent risk measures, a prominent object in quantitative finance, and uniform integrability, a fundamental concept in probability theory. Instead of working with absolute values of random…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-08 Muqiao Huang , Ruodu Wang

Functional data analysis is proved to be useful in many scientific applications. The physical process is observed as curves and often there are several curves observed due to multiple subjects, providing the replicates in statistical sense.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-30 Tapabrata Maiti , Abolfazl Safikhani , Ping-Shou Zhong

In this paper, we propose a novel axiomatic approach to evaluating the joint risk of multiple insurance risks under dependence uncertainty. Motivated by both the theory of expected utility and the Cobb-Dauglas utility function, we establish…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-14 Shuo Gong , Yijun Hu , Linxiao Wei

Models necessarily capture only parts of a reality. Prediction models aim at capturing a future reality. In this paper we address the question of how the future is constructed (or: imagined) in an investment context where market…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-24 Matthias J. Feiler , Thibaut Ajdler

This paper develops a new framework, called modular regression, to utilize auxiliary information -- such as variables other than the original features or additional data sets -- in the training process of linear models. At a high level, our…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-27 Ying Jin , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Existing approaches to asset-pricing under model-uncertainty adapt classical utility-maximization frameworks and seek theoretical comprehensiveness. We move toward practice by considering binary model-risks and by emphasizing 'constraints'…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-10 Ken Kangda Wren

The investor is interested in the expected return and he is also concerned about the risk and the uncertainty assumed by the investment. One of the most popular concepts used to measure the risk and the uncertainty is the variance and/or…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Andreia Dionisio , Rui Menezes , Diana A. Mendes

We extend the scope of risk measures for which backtesting models are available by proposing a multinomial backtesting method for general distortion risk measures. The method relies on a stratification and randomization of risk levels. We…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-02 Sören Bettels , Sojung Kim , Stefan Weber

It's regarded as an axiom that a good model is one that compromises between bias and variance. The bias is measured in training cost, while the variance of a (say, regression) model is measure by the cost associated with a validation set.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Joseph R. Barr , Peter Shaw , Marcus Sobel

We axiomatically introduce risk-consistent conditional systemic risk measures defined on multidimensional risks. This class consists of those conditional systemic risk measures which can be decomposed into a state-wise conditional…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-09-27 Hannes Hoffmann , Thilo Meyer-Brandis , Gregor Svindland

We introduce a framework for quantifying propagation of uncertainty arising in a dynamic setting. Specifically, we define dynamic uncertainty sets designed explicitly for discrete stochastic processes over a finite time horizon. These…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-05 Marlon Moresco , Mélina Mailhot , Silvana M. Pesenti

Prior to clinical applications, it is critical that risk prediction models are evaluated in independent studies that did not contribute to model development. While prospective cohort studies provide a natural setting for model validation,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-13 Parichoy Pal Choudhury , Anil K. Chaturvedi , Nilanjan Chatterjee

We introduce and study the problem of calibrating conditional risk, which involves estimating the expected loss of a prediction model conditional on input features. We analyze this problem in both classification and regression settings and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Andrey Vasilyev , Yikai Wang , Xiaocheng Li , Guanting Chen

We use the law of total variance to generate multiple expansions for the posterior predictive variance. These expansions are sums of terms involving conditional expectations and conditional variances and provide a quantification of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Sanjay Chaudhuri , Dean Dustin , Bertrand Clarke

In this article we consider the parameter risk in the context of internal modelling of the reserve risk under Solvency II. We discuss two opposed perspectives on parameter uncertainty and point out that standard methods of classical…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-04-07 Andreas Fröhlich , Annegret Weng

A common problem in numerous research areas, particularly in clinical trials, is to test whether the effect of an explanatory variable on an outcome variable is equivalent across different groups. In practice, these tests are frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-03 Niklas Hagemann , Kathrin Möllenhoff

This paper introduces an intermediary between conditional expectation and conditional sublinear expectation, called R-conditioning. The R-conditioning of a random-vector in $L^2$ is defined as the best $L^2$-estimate, given a…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-10-29 Anastasis Kratsios

Non-probabilistic convex model utilizes a convex set to quantify the uncertainty domain of uncertain-but-bounded parameters, which is very effective for structural uncertainty analysis with limited or poor-quality experimental data. To…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2018-01-18 Ni Bingyu , Jiang Chao , Huang Zhiliang

Supervised masking approaches in the time-frequency domain aim to employ deep neural networks to estimate a multiplicative mask to extract clean speech. This leads to a single estimate for each input without any guarantees or measures of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-16 Huajian Fang , Dennis Becker , Stefan Wermter , Timo Gerkmann
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