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Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved revolutionary breakthroughs in many fields, their large model size and high computational cost pose significant challenges for practical deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yao Lu , Yuqi Li , Wenbin Xie , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan , Zhaowei Zhu , Shiping Wen

Large Language Models (LLM's) have demonstrated considerable success in various Natural Language Processing tasks, but they have yet to attain state-of-the-art performance in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Nevertheless, their significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Sai Koneru , Miriam Exel , Matthias Huck , Jan Niehues

Ensembles of generative large language models (LLMs) are a promising way to compensate for individual model limitations, integrating the strengths of different LLMs. Existing LLM ensemble methods, however, face limitations such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bo Lv , Nayu Liu , Chen Tang , Xin Liu , Yue Yu , Ping Luo

With the advance of large language models (LLMs), LLMs have been utilized for the various tasks. However, the issues of variability and reproducibility of results from each trial of LLMs have been largely overlooked in existing literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Junichiro Niimi

In-Context Learning (ICL) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle diverse tasks by incorporating multiple input-output examples, known as demonstrations, into the input of LLMs. More recently, advancements in the expanded context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

Fine-tuned pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved awesome performance on almost all NLP tasks. By using additional prompts to fine-tune PLMs, we can further stimulate the rich knowledge distributed in PLMs to better serve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Xu Han , Weilin Zhao , Ning Ding , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

We present PaLM, a hybrid parser and neural language model. Building on an RNN language model, PaLM adds an attention layer over text spans in the left context. An unsupervised constituency parser can be derived from its attention weights,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Hao Peng , Roy Schwartz , Noah A. Smith

Finetuning Pretrained Language Models (PLM) for IR has been de facto the standard practice since their breakthrough effectiveness few years ago. But, is this approach well understood? In this paper, we study the impact of the pretraining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Carlos Lassance , Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Text stemming is a natural language processing technique that is used to reduce words to their base form, also known as the root form. The use of stemming in IR has been shown to often improve the effectiveness of keyword-matching models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Shuai Wang , Shengyao Zhuang , Guido Zuccon

In-context learning (ICL), teaching a large language model (LLM) to perform a task with few-shot demonstrations rather than adjusting the model parameters, has emerged as a strong paradigm for using LLMs. While early studies primarily used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Man Luo , Xin Xu , Zhuyun Dai , Panupong Pasupat , Mehran Kazemi , Chitta Baral , Vaiva Imbrasaite , Vincent Y Zhao

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) like BERT are being used for almost all language-related tasks, but interpreting their behavior still remains a significant challenge and many important questions remain largely unanswered. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Samuel Stevens , Yu Su

Low sample efficiency is an enduring challenge of reinforcement learning (RL). With the advent of versatile large language models (LLMs), recent works impart common-sense knowledge to accelerate policy learning for RL processes. However, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fuxiang Zhang , Junyou Li , Yi-Chen Li , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu , Deheng Ye

Past work on unsupervised parsing is constrained to written form. In this paper, we present the first study on unsupervised spoken constituency parsing given unlabeled spoken sentences and unpaired textual data. The goal is to determine the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yuan Tseng , Cheng-I Lai , Hung-yi Lee

In the era of high performing Large Language Models, researchers have widely acknowledged that contextual word representations are one of the key drivers in achieving top performances in downstream tasks. In this work, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Soniya Vijayakumar , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann

Large language models (LLMs) are highly capable at a variety of tasks given the right prompt, but writing one is still a difficult and tedious process. In this work, we introduce ConstitutionalExperts, a method for learning a prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Savvas Petridis , Ben Wedin , Ann Yuan , James Wexler , Nithum Thain

Audio-visual target speaker extraction (AV-TSE) models primarily rely on visual cues from the target speaker. However, humans also leverage linguistic knowledge, such as syntactic constraints, next word prediction, and prior knowledge of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Wenxuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng , Haizhou Li

Term-based sparse representations dominate the first-stage text retrieval in industrial applications, due to its advantage in efficiency, interpretability, and exact term matching. In this paper, we study the problem of transferring the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Yang Bai , Xiaoguang Li , Gang Wang , Chaoliang Zhang , Lifeng Shang , Jun Xu , Zhaowei Wang , Fangshan Wang , Qun Liu

Probing Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) using prompts has indirectly implied that language models (LMs) can be treated as knowledge bases. To this end, this phenomena has been effective especially when these LMs are fine-tuned towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-08 M. Abaho , D. Bollegala , P. Williamson , S. Dodd

While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and PaLM have demonstrated remarkable performance in various language understanding and generation tasks, their capabilities in complex reasoning and intricate knowledge utilization still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haodi Zhang , Min Cai , Xinhe Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Rui Mao , Kaishun Wu

Most Transformer language models are primarily pretrained on English text, limiting their use for other languages. As the model sizes grow, the performance gap between English and other languages with fewer compute and data resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Malte Ostendorff , Georg Rehm