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Related papers: Metric Learning for User-defined Keyword Spotting

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Deep Neural Network--Hidden Markov Model (DNN-HMM) based methods have been successfully used for many always-on keyword spotting algorithms that detect a wake word to trigger a device. The DNN predicts the state probabilities of a given…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Ashish Shrivastava , Arnav Kundu , Chandra Dhir , Devang Naik , Oncel Tuzel

A Multilingual Keyword Spotting (KWS) system detects spokenkeywords over multiple locales. Conventional monolingual KWSapproaches do not scale well to multilingual scenarios because ofhigh development/maintenance costs and lack of resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Pai Zhu , Hyun Jin Park , Alex Park , Angelo Scorza Scarpati , Ignacio Lopez Moreno

Real-world complex acoustic environments especially the ones with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) will bring tremendous challenges to a keyword spotting (KWS) system. Inspired by the recent advances of neural speech enhancement and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-14 Shubo Lv , Xiong Wang , Sining Sun , Long Ma , Lei Xie

In the paper we present an architecture of a keyword spotting (KWS) system that is based on modern neural networks, yields good performance on various types of speech data and can run very fast. We focus mainly on the last aspect and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-09 Jan Nouza , Petr Cerva , Jindrich Zdansky

In this paper, we propose an attention-based end-to-end neural approach for small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS), which aims to simplify the pipelines of building a production-quality KWS system. Our model consists of an encoder and an…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Changhao Shan , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang , Lei Xie

We propose smoothed max pooling loss and its application to keyword spotting systems. The proposed approach jointly trains an encoder (to detect keyword parts) and a decoder (to detect whole keyword) in a semi-supervised manner. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Hyun-Jin Park , Patrick Violette , Niranjan Subrahmanya

Most of the existing neural-based models for keyword spotting (KWS) in smart devices require thousands of training samples to learn a decent audio representation. However, with the rising demand for smart devices to become more…

In this study, we develop the keyword spotting (KWS) and acoustic model (AM) components in a far-field speaker system. Specifically, we use teacher-student (T/S) learning to adapt a close-talk well-trained production AM to far-field by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Jinyu Li , Rui Zhao , Zhuo Chen , Changliang Liu , Xiong Xiao , Guoli Ye , Yifan Gong

Word embeddings trained on large corpora have shown to encode high levels of unfair discriminatory gender, racial, religious and ethnic biases. In contrast, human-written dictionaries describe the meanings of words in a concise, objective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala

Keyword spotting (KWS) is becoming a ubiquitous need with the advancement in artificial intelligence and smart devices. Recent work in this field have focused on several different architectures to achieve good results on datasets with low…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Anwesh Mohanty , Adrian Frischknecht , Christoph Gerum , Oliver Bringmann

Keyword spotting systems for always-on TinyML-constrained applications require on-site tuning to boost the accuracy of offline trained classifiers when deployed in unseen inference conditions. Adapting to the speech peculiarities of target…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Cristian Cioflan , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

Voice trigger detection is an important task, which enables activating a voice assistant when a target user speaks a keyword phrase. A detector is typically trained on speech data independent of speaker information and used for the voice…

Despite recent advances in end-to-end speech recognition methods, the output tends to be biased to the training data's vocabulary, resulting in inaccurate recognition of proper nouns and other unknown terms. To address this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yu Nakagome , Michael Hentschel

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven Keyword Spotting (KWS) technologies has revolutionized human to machine interaction. Yet, the challenge of end-to-end energy efficiency, memory footprint and system complexity of current…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-28 Jie Lei , Tousif Rahman , Rishad Shafik , Adrian Wheeldon , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Fahim Kawsar , Akhil Mathur

Noise robustness is a key aspect of successful speech applications. Speech enhancement (SE) has been investigated to improve automatic speech recognition accuracy; however, its effectiveness for keyword spotting (KWS) is still…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-23 Avamarie Brueggeman , Takuya Higuchi , Masood Delfarah , Stephen Shum , Vineet Garg

A key challenge of dialog systems research is to effectively and efficiently adapt to new domains. A scalable paradigm for adaptation necessitates the development of generalizable models that perform well in few-shot settings. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Shikib Mehri , Mihail Eric

Semantically meaningful sentence embeddings are important for numerous tasks in natural language processing. To obtain such embeddings, recent studies explored the idea of utilizing synthetically generated data from pretrained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Taehee Kim , ChaeHun Park , Jimin Hong , Radhika Dua , Edward Choi , Jaegul Choo

We trained a keyword spotting model using federated learning on real user devices and observed significant improvements when the model was deployed for inference on phones. To compensate for data domains that are missing from on-device…

The performance of the keyword spotting (KWS) system based on audio modality, commonly measured in false alarms and false rejects, degrades significantly under the far field and noisy conditions. Therefore, audio-visual keyword spotting,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Ao Zhang , He Wang , Pengcheng Guo , Yihui Fu , Lei Xie , Yingying Gao , Shilei Zhang , Junlan Feng

Keyword spotting--or wakeword detection--is an essential feature for hands-free operation of modern voice-controlled devices. With such devices becoming ubiquitous, users might want to choose a personalized custom wakeword. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Loren Lugosch , Samuel Myer , Vikrant Singh Tomar