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Related papers: Metric Learning for User-defined Keyword Spotting

200 papers

User-defined keyword spotting on a resource-constrained edge device is challenging. However, keywords are often bounded by a maximum keyword length, which has been largely under-leveraged in prior works. Our analysis of keyword-length…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

This paper addresses the persistent challenge in Keyword Spotting (KWS), a fundamental component in speech technology, regarding the acquisition of substantial labeled data for training. Given the difficulty in obtaining large quantities of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Weinan Dai , Yifeng Jiang , Yuanjing Liu , Jinkun Chen , Xin Sun , Jinglei Tao

Few-shot keyword spotting aims to detect previously unseen keywords with very limited labeled samples. A pre-training and adaptation paradigm is typically adopted for this task. While effective in clean conditions, most existing approaches…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junming Yuan , Ying Shi , Dong Wang , Lantian Li , Askar Hamdulla

Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting (SF-KWS) has gained popularity in today's landscape of smart voice-activated devices, smartphones, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This surge is attributed to the advancements in Deep Learning,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Soumen Garai , Suman Samui

Visual keyword spotting (KWS) is the problem of estimating whether a text query occurs in a given recording using only video information. This paper focuses on visual KWS for words unseen during training, a real-world, practical setting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Themos Stafylakis , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Spoken Keyword Spotting (KWS) is the task of distinguishing between the presence and absence of a keyword in audio. The accuracy of a KWS model hinges on its ability to correctly classify examples close to the keyword and non-keyword…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Harry Zhang , Kurt Partridge , Pai Zhu , Neng Chen , Hyun Jin Park , Dhruuv Agarwal , Quan Wang

We explore a keyword-based spoken language understanding system, in which the intent of the user can directly be derived from the detection of a sequence of keywords in the query. In this paper, we focus on an open-vocabulary keyword…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Théodore Bluche , Maël Primet , Thibault Gisselbrecht

Keyword spotting (KWS) on mobile devices generally requires a small memory footprint. However, most current models still maintain a large number of parameters in order to ensure good performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Shenghua Hu , Jing Wang , Yujun Wang , Lidong Yang , Wenjing Yang

Voice assistants are now widely available, and to activate them a keyword spotting (KWS) algorithm is used. Modern KWS systems are mainly trained using supervised learning methods and require a large amount of labelled data to achieve a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-28 Jacob Mørk , Holger Severin Bovbjerg , Gergely Kiss , Zheng-Hua Tan

Query by String Keyword Spotting (KWS) is here considered as a key technology for indexing large collections of handwritten text images to allow fast textual access to the contents of these collections. Under this perspective, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-13 E. Vidal , A. H. Toselli , J. Puigcerver

Confusing-words are commonly encountered in real-life keyword spotting applications, which causes severe degradation of performance due to complex spoken terms and various kinds of words that sound similar to the predefined keywords. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Yan Jia , Zexin Cai , Murong Ma , Zeqing Zhao , Xuyang Wang , Junjie Wang , Ming Li

Spoken keyword spotting (KWS) is the task of identifying a keyword in an audio stream and is widely used in smart devices at the edge in order to activate voice assistants and perform hands-free tasks. The task is daunting as there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Mahmoud Salhab , Haidar Harmanani

The recognition of rare named entities, such as personal names and terminologies, is challenging for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, especially when they are not frequently observed in the training data. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yuang Li , Min Zhang , Chang Su , Yinglu Li , Xiaosong Qiao , Mengxin Ren , Miaomiao Ma , Daimeng Wei , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang

Keyword Spotting plays a critical role in enabling hands-free interaction for battery-powered edge devices. Few-Shot Keyword Spotting (FS-KWS) addresses the scalability and adaptability challenges of traditional systems by enabling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Alican Gok , Oguzhan Buyuksolak , Osman Erman Okman , Murat Saraclar

Keyword Spotting (KWS) enables speech-based user interaction on smart devices. Always-on and battery-powered application scenarios for smart devices put constraints on hardware resources and power consumption, while also demanding high…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Simon Mittermaier , Ludwig Kürzinger , Bernd Waschneck , Gerhard Rigoll

Using audio and text embeddings jointly for Keyword Spotting (KWS) has shown high-quality results, but the key challenge of how to semantically align two embeddings for multi-word keywords of different sequence lengths remains largely…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

Current keyword spotting systems primarily use phoneme-level matching to distinguish confusable words but ignore user-specific pronunciation traits like prosody (intonation, stress, rhythm). This paper presents ProKWS, a novel framework…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Jianan Pan , Yuanming Zhang , Kejie Huang

Recognizing a particular command or a keyword, keyword spotting has been widely used in many voice interfaces such as Amazon's Alexa and Google Home. In order to recognize a set of keywords, most of the recent deep learning based approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-14 Archit Parnami , Minwoo Lee

Identifying user-defined keywords is crucial for personalizing interactions with smart devices. Previous approaches of user-defined keyword spotting (UDKWS) have relied on short-term spectral features such as mel frequency cepstral…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kesavaraj V , Anuprabha M , Anil Kumar Vuppala

Keyword spotting (KWS) is a key component of smart devices, enabling efficient and intuitive audio interaction. However, standard KWS systems deployed on embedded devices often suffer performance degradation under real-world operating…