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In this paper, we revisit the task of negation resolution, which includes the subtasks of cue detection (e.g. "not", "never") and scope resolution. In the context of previous shared tasks, a variety of evaluation metrics have been proposed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Elizaveta Sineva , Stefan Grünewald , Annemarie Friedrich , Jonas Kuhn

In this paper, we introduce MeDiaQA, a novel question answering(QA) dataset, which constructed on real online Medical Dialogues. It contains 22k multiple-choice questions annotated by human for over 11k dialogues with 120k utterances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Huqun Suri , Qi Zhang , Wenhua Huo , Yan Liu , Chunsheng Guan

Many practical vision-language applications require models that understand negation, e.g., when using natural language to retrieve images which contain certain objects but not others. Despite advancements in vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Kumail Alhamoud , Shaden Alshammari , Yonglong Tian , Guohao Li , Philip Torr , Yoon Kim , Marzyeh Ghassemi

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly contributed to the development of equitable AI systems capable of factual question-answering (QA). However, no known study tests the LLMs' robustness when presented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shubhra Ghosh , Abhilekh Borah , Aditya Kumar Guru , Kripabandhu Ghosh

Despite considerable recent progress in Visual Question Answering (VQA) models, inconsistent or contradictory answers continue to cast doubt on their true reasoning capabilities. However, most proposed methods use indirect strategies or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Sergio Tascon-Morales , Pablo Márquez-Neila , Raphael Sznitman

Three-way logical question answering (QA) assigns one of $\text{True}$, $\text{False}$, or $\text{Unknown}$ to a hypothesis $H$ given a premise set $S$. We study this task as a compact compositional inference problem: predictions for $H$…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tianyi Huang , Ming Hou , Jiaheng Su , Yutong Zhang , Ziling Zhang

A well-established and fundamental insight in database theory is that negation (also known as complementation) tends to make queries difficult to process and difficult to reason about. Many basic problems are decidable and admit practical…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-03-02 Vince Barany , Balder ten Cate , Martin Otto

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across diverse tasks by leveraging pre-trained (i.e., parametric) and external (i.e., contextual) knowledge. While substantial efforts have been made to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Hyuhng Joon Kim , Youna Kim , Sang-goo Lee , Taeuk Kim

Knowledge-based visual question answering (KB-VQA) is a challenging task, which requires the model to leverage external knowledge for comprehending and answering questions grounded in visual content. Recent studies retrieve the knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Dongze Hao , Jian Jia , Longteng Guo , Qunbo Wang , Te Yang , Yan Li , Yanhua Cheng , Bo Wang , Quan Chen , Han Li , Jing Liu

Ambiguity is inherent to open-domain question answering; especially when exploring new topics, it can be difficult to ask questions that have a single, unambiguous answer. In this paper, we introduce AmbigQA, a new open-domain question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Sewon Min , Julian Michael , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Luke Zettlemoyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in question answering (QA) tasks. However, Multi-Answer Question Answering (MAQA), where a question may have several valid answers, remains challenging. Traditional QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Eviatar Nachshoni , Arie Cattan , Shmuel Amar , Ori Shapira , Ido Dagan

The question answering system can answer questions from various fields and forms with deep neural networks, but it still lacks effective ways when facing multiple evidences. We introduce a new model called SRQA, which means Synthetic Reader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Jiuniu Wang , Wenjia Xu , Xingyu Fu , Yang Wei , Li Jin , Ziyan Chen , Guangluan Xu , Yirong Wu

Commonsense reasoning is intuitive for humans but has been a long-term challenge for artificial intelligence (AI). Recent advancements in pretrained language models have shown promising results on several commonsense benchmark datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Shikhar Singh , Nuan Wen , Yu Hou , Pegah Alipoormolabashi , Te-Lin Wu , Xuezhe Ma , Nanyun Peng

Question answering (QA) is an important aspect of open-domain conversational agents, garnering specific research focus in the conversational QA (ConvQA) subtask. One notable limitation of recent ConvQA efforts is the response being answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Ashutosh Baheti , Alan Ritter , Kevin Small

Despite Visual Question Answering (VQA) has realized impressive progress over the last few years, today's VQA models tend to capture superficial linguistic correlations in the train set and fail to generalize to the test set with different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Long Chen , Xin Yan , Jun Xiao , Hanwang Zhang , Shiliang Pu , Yueting Zhuang

Commonsense reasoning often involves evaluating multiple plausible interpretations rather than selecting a single atomic answer, yet most benchmarks rely on single-label evaluation, obscuring whether statements are jointly plausible,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Obed Junias , Maria Leonor Pacheco

Neural abstractive summarization models are prone to generate content inconsistent with the source document, i.e. unfaithful. Existing automatic metrics do not capture such mistakes effectively. We tackle the problem of evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Esin Durmus , He He , Mona Diab

Chart question answering (CQA) is a task used for assessing chart comprehension, which is fundamentally different from understanding natural images. CQA requires analyzing the relationships between the textual and the visual components of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Matan Levy , Rami Ben-Ari , Dani Lischinski

We present the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD), a new reading comprehension dataset consisting of 100,000+ questions posed by crowdworkers on a set of Wikipedia articles, where the answer to each question is a segment of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Pranav Rajpurkar , Jian Zhang , Konstantin Lopyrev , Percy Liang

Despite the impressive performance of large language models across various tasks, they often struggle with reasoning under negated statements. Negations are important in real-world applications as they encode negative polarity in verb…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Darian Rodriguez Vasquez , Afroditi Papadaki