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We prove that there are 24 4-critical $P_6$-free graphs, and give the complete list. We remark that, if $H$ is connected and not a subgraph of $P_6$, there are infinitely many 4-critical $H$-free graphs. Our result answers questions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Maria Chudnovsky , Jan Goedgebeur , Oliver Schaudt , Mingxian Zhong

Let $G$ be a bipartite graph, and let $H$ be a bipartite graph with a fixed bipartition $(B_H,W_H)$. We consider three different, natural ways of forbidding $H$ as an induced subgraph in $G$. First, $G$ is $H$-free if it does not contain…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Konrad K. Dabrowski , Daniël Paulusma

Chv\'{a}tal conjectured in 1973 the existence of some constant $t$ such that all $t$-tough graphs with at least three vertices are hamiltonian. While the conjecture has been proven for some special classes of graphs, it remains open in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Andrew Hatfield , Elizabeth Grimm

We investigate Hadwiger's conjecture for graphs with no stable set of size 3. Such a graph on at least 2t-1 vertices is not t-1 colorable, so is conjectured to have a $K_t$ minor. There is a strengthening of Hadwiger's conjecture in this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jonah Blasiak

Unlike minors, the induced subgraph obstructions to bounded treewidth come in a large variety, including, for every $t\geq 1$, the $t$-basic obstructions: the graphs $K_{t+1}$ and $K_{t,t}$, along with the subdivisions of the $t$-by-$t$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Bogdan Alecu , Maria Chudnovsky , Sepehr Hajebi , Sophie Spirkl

A graph $G$ is $H$-free if it does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to $H$. The study of the typical structure of $H$-free graphs was initiated by Erd\H{o}s, Kleitman and Rothschild, who have shown that almost all $C_3$-free…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-03 Sergey Norin , Yelena Yuditsky

A graph $G$ is $H$-free if it has no induced subgraph isomorphic to $H$, where $H$ is a graph. In this paper, we show that every $\frac{3}{2}$-tough $(P_4 \cup P_{10})$-free graph has a 2-factor. The toughness condition of this result is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-24 Masahiro Sanka

A graph is $P_8$-free if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to the path $P_8$ on eight vertices. In 1995, Erd\H{o}s and Gy\'{a}rf\'{a}s conjectured that every graph of minimum degree at least three contains a cycle whose length is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-06 Yuping Gao , Songling Shan

Hadwiger's conjecture asserts that if a simple graph $G$ has no $K_{t+1}$ minor, then its vertex set $V(G)$ can be partitioned into $t$ stable sets. This is still open, but we prove under the same hypotheses that $V(G)$ can be partitioned…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-24 Katherine Edwards , Dong Yeap Kang , Jaehoon Kim , Sang-il Oum , Paul Seymour

In this paper we disprove a conjecture of Lidick\'y and Murphy about the number of copies of a given graph in a $K_r$-free graph and give an alternative general conjecture. We also prove an asymptotically tight bound on the number of copies…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Andrzej Grzesik , Ervin Győri , Nika Salia , Casey Tompkins

For every graph $X$, we consider the class of all connected $\{K_{1,3}, X\}$-free graphs which are distinct from an odd cycle and have independence number at least $4$, and we show that all graphs in the class are perfect if and only if $X$…

A widely open conjecture proposed by Bollob\'as, Erd\H{o}s, and Tuza in the early 1990s states that for any $n$-vertex graph $G$, if the independence number $\alpha(G) = \Omega(n)$, then there is a subset $T \subseteq V(G)$ with $|T| =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Xinbu Cheng , Zixiang Xu

The connected graph of degree sequence 3,3,3,1,1,1 is called a net, and the vertices of degree 1 in a net is called its endvertices. Broersma conjectured in 1993 that a 2-connected graph G with no induced K_{1,3} is hamiltonian if every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Shuya Chiba , Jun Fujisawa

A graph is $H$-free if it has no induced subgraph isomorphic to $H$. We characterize all graphs $H$ for which there are only finitely many minimal non-three-colorable $H$-free graphs. Such a characterization was previously known only in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-08 Maria Chudnovsky , Jan Goedgebeur , Oliver Schaudt , Mingxian Zhong

Motivated by the famous Hadwiger's Conjecture, we study the properties of $8$-contraction-critical graphs with no $K_7$ minor; we prove that every $8$-contraction-critical graph with no $K_7$ minor has at most one vertex of degree $8$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-23 Martin Rolek , Zi-Xia Song , Robin Thomas

We prove that for every $n$, there is a graph $G$ with $\chi(G) \geq n$ and $\omega(G) \leq 3$ such that every induced subgraph $H$ of $G$ with $\omega(H) \leq 2$ satisfies $\chi(H) \leq 4$. This disproves a well-known conjecture. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Alvaro Carbonero , Patrick Hompe , Benjamin Moore , Sophie Spirkl

For positive integers $t$ and $s$, let $\mathcal{K}_t^{-s}$ denote the family of graphs obtained from the complete graph $K_t$ by removing $s$ edges. A graph $G$ has no $\mathcal{K}_t^{-s}$ minor if it has no $H$ minor for every $H\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Michael Lafferty , Zi-Xia Song

We prove that there exist graphs which do not contain $K_t$ as an odd minor and whose chromatic number is at least $(\frac 32-o(1))t$. This disproves, in a strong form, the odd Hadwiger conjecture of Gerards and Seymour from 1993.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Marcus Kühn , Lisa Sauermann , Raphael Steiner , Yuval Wigderson

Hadwiger Conjecture has been an open problem for over a half century1,6, which says that there is at most a complete graph Kt but no Kt+1 for every t-colorable graph. A few cases of Hadwiger Conjecture, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-colorable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-29 T. -Q. Wang , X. -J. Wang

We prove that for every fixed integer $s$ and every planar graph $H$, the class of $H$-induced-minor-free and $K_{1,s}$-induced-subgraph-free graphs has polylogarithmic tree-independence number. This is a weakening of a conjecture of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Maria Chudnovsky , Jadwiga Czyżewska , Marcin Pilipczuk , Paweł Rzążewski