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Task-oriented dialogues often require agents to enact complex, multi-step procedures in order to meet user requests. While large language models have found success automating these dialogues in constrained environments, their widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Julia White , Arushi Raghuvanshi , Yada Pruksachatkun

Effective evaluation methods remain a significant challenge for research on open-domain conversational dialogue systems. Explicit satisfaction ratings can be elicited from users, but users often do not provide ratings when asked, and those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Cat P. Le , Luke Dai , Michael Johnston , Yang Liu , Marilyn Walker , Reza Ghanadan

Audio and omni-modal large language models exhibit impressive cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, applying standard reinforcement learning post-training algorithms to these models exposes a critical structural vulnerability:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Cihan Xiao , Yiwen Shao , Chenxing Li , Xiang He , Zhenwen Liang , Steve Yves , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Liefeng Bo

Task-oriented dialogue systems have been plagued by the difficulties of obtaining large-scale and high-quality annotated conversations. Furthermore, most of the publicly available datasets only include written conversations, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Xin Tian , Xinxian Huang , Dongfeng He , Yingzhan Lin , Siqi Bao , Huang He , Liankai Huang , Qiang Ju , Xiyuan Zhang , Jian Xie , Shuqi Sun , Fan Wang , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning (RLFT) has achieved notable success in tasks with objectively verifiable answers (e.g., code generation, mathematical reasoning), yet struggles with open-ended subjective tasks like role-playing dialogue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Xinge Ye , Rui Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Victor Ma , Feiteng Fang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Conversational recommender systems (CRSs) are able to elicit user preferences through multi-turn dialogues. They typically incorporate external knowledge and pre-trained language models to capture the dialogue context. Most CRS approaches,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xiaoyu Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Yougang Lyu , Xin Xin , Pengjie Ren , Mingfei Liang , Bo Zhang , Zhanhui Kang , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) has attracted widespread attention in the natural language processing field due to its enormous potential for practical applications. Existing ERC methods face challenges in achieving generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Shanglin Lei , Xiaoping Wang , Guanting Dong , Jiang Li , Yingjian Liu

This report presents the Empathetic Cascading Networks (ECN) framework, a multi-stage prompting method designed to enhance the empathetic and inclusive capabilities of large language models. ECN employs four stages: Perspective Adoption,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Wangjiaxuan Xin

Empathetic response generation aims to generate empathetic responses by understanding the speaker's emotional feelings from the language of dialogue. Recent methods capture emotional words in the language of communicators and construct them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Zhou Yang , Zhaochun Ren , Yufeng Wang , Xiaofei Zhu , Zhihao Chen , Tiecheng Cai , Yunbing Wu , Yisong Su , Sibo Ju , Xiangwen Liao

The consistency of a response to a given post at semantic-level and emotional-level is essential for a dialogue system to deliver human-like interactions. However, this challenge is not well addressed in the literature, since most of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Wei Wei , Jiayi Liu , Xianling Mao , Guibin Guo , Feida Zhu , Pan Zhou , Yuchong Hu , Shanshan Feng

End-to-end learning framework is useful for building dialog systems for its simplicity in training and efficiency in model updating. However, current end-to-end approaches only consider user semantic inputs in learning and under-utilize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Weiyan Shi , Zhou Yu

This work shows how to improve and interpret the commonly used dual encoder model for response suggestion in dialogue. We present an attentive dual encoder model that includes an attention mechanism on top of the extracted word-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Yitong Li , Dianqi Li , Sushant Prakash , Peng Wang

Earnings calls represent a uniquely rich and semi-structured source of financial communication, blending scripted managerial commentary with unscripted analyst dialogue. Although recent advances in financial sentiment analysis have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Alejandro Álvarez Castro , Joaquín Ordieres-Meré

Proactive task-oriented dialogue (TOD), such as outbound sales, demands a persuasive agent that actively probes the user's concerns and steers the conversation toward acceptance within a bounded number of turns. Yet post-trained LLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hongbin Zhang , Ning Gao , Yuqin Dai , Ruiyuan Wu , Jinpeng Wang , Rena Wei Gao , Bingdong Tan , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang

Achieving empathy is a crucial step toward humanized dialogue systems. Current approaches for empathetic dialogue generation mainly perceive an emotional label to generate an empathetic response conditioned on it, which simply treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Fengyi Fu , Lei Zhang , Quan Wang , Zhendong Mao

Empathetic dialogue is a human-like behavior that requires the perception of both affective factors (e.g., emotion status) and cognitive factors (e.g., cause of the emotion). Besides concerning emotion status in early work, the latest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yushan Qian , Bo Wang , Ting-En Lin , Yinhe Zheng , Ying Zhu , Dongming Zhao , Yuexian Hou , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li

Forecasting Electroncephalography (EEG) signals during cognitive events remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), as existing methods struggle to capture both the stochastic nature of neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Mehran Shabanpour , Sadaf Khademi , Konstantinos N Plataniotis , Arash Mohammadi

Emotion-aware customer service needs in-domain conversational data, rich annotations, and predictive capabilities, but existing resources for emotion recognition are often out-of-domain, narrowly labeled, and focused on post-hoc detection.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sofie Labat , Thomas Demeester , Véronique Hoste

Intelligent dialogue systems are increasingly deployed in emotionally and ethically sensitive settings, where failures in either emotional attunement or ethical judgment can cause significant harm. Existing dialogue models typically address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jiawen Deng , Wei Li , Wentao Zhang , Ziyun Jiao , Fuji Ren

Emotion Recognition in Conversations (ERC) is crucial in developing sympathetic human-machine interaction. In conversational videos, emotion can be present in multiple modalities, i.e., audio, video, and transcript. However, due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Vishal Chudasama , Purbayan Kar , Ashish Gudmalwar , Nirmesh Shah , Pankaj Wasnik , Naoyuki Onoe