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Robust causal discovery from observational data under imperfect prior knowledge remains a significant and largely unresolved challenge. Existing methods typically presuppose perfect priors or can only handle specific, pre-identified error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zidong Wang , Xi Lin , Chuchao He , Xiaoguang Gao

Causal inference explores the causation between actions and the consequent rewards on a covariate set. Recently deep learning has achieved a remarkable performance in causal inference, but existing statistical theories cannot well explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Minshuo Chen , Hao Liu , Wenjing Liao , Tuo Zhao

In Big Data environment, one pressing challenge facing engineers is to perform reliability analysis for a large fleet of heterogeneous repairable systems with covariates. In addition to static covariates, which include time-invariant system…

Applications · Statistics 2019-04-03 Xiao Liu , Rong Pan

Training data has been proven to be one of the most critical components in training generative AI. However, obtaining high-quality data remains challenging, with data privacy issues presenting a significant hurdle. To address the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jia-Chen Zhang , Zheng Zhou , Yu-Jie Xiong , Chun-Ming Xia , Fei Dai

Marketing is an important mechanism to increase user engagement and improve platform revenue, and heterogeneous causal learning can help develop more effective strategies. Most decision-making problems in marketing can be formulated as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Hao Zhou , Shaoming Li , Guibin Jiang , Jiaqi Zheng , Dong Wang

Conformal prediction has received tremendous attention in recent years and has offered new solutions to problems in missing data and causal inference; yet these advances have not leveraged modern semiparametric efficiency theory for more…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-14 Yachong Yang , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Causal inference is a fundamental research topic for discovering the cause-effect relationships in many disciplines. However, not all algorithms are equally well-suited for a given dataset. For instance, some approaches may only be able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Zhipeng Ma , Marco Kemmerling , Daniel Buschmann , Chrismarie Enslin , Daniel Lütticke , Robert H. Schmitt

Data fusion, the process of combining observational and experimental data, can enable the identification of causal effects that would otherwise remain non-identifiable. Although identification algorithms have been developed for specific…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-22 Otto Tabell , Santtu Tikka , Juha Karvanen

Algorithms that fuse multiple input sources benefit from both complementary and shared information. Shared information may provide robustness against faulty or noisy inputs, which is indispensable for safety-critical applications like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Taewan Kim , Joydeep Ghosh

Many researchers collect data from the internet through crowd-sourcing or web crawling to alleviate the data-hungry challenge associated with cross-modal matching. Although such practice does not require expensive annotations, it inevitably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Fan Liu , Chenwei Dong , Chuanyi Zhang , Hualiang Zhou , Jun Zhou

Information fusion is used widely to improve document classification by the integration of multiple data sources (multimodal) or representations (multiview). However, the field lacks a unified framework, a quantitative synthesis of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Marcin Michał Mirończuk

Causal inference has gained much popularity in recent years, with interests ranging from academic, to industrial, to educational, and all in between. Concurrently, the study and usage of neural networks has also grown profoundly (albeit at…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-07 Demetrios Papakostas , Andrew Herren , P. Richard Hahn , Francisco Castillo

Federated causal inference enables multi-site treatment effect estimation without sharing individual-level data, offering a privacy-preserving solution for real-world evidence generation. However, data heterogeneity across sites, manifested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Haoyang Li , Jie Xu , Kyra Gan , Fei Wang , Chengxi Zang

We consider evaluating the causal effects of dynamic treatments, i.e. of multiple treatment sequences in various periods, based on double machine learning to control for observed, time-varying covariates in a data-driven way under a…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-06-22 Hugo Bodory , Martin Huber , Lukáš Lafférs

Determining causal effects of interventions onto outcomes from real-world, observational (non-randomized) data, e.g., treatment repurposing using electronic health records, is challenging due to underlying bias. Causal deep learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shantanu Ghosh , Zheng Feng , Jiang Bian , Kevin Butler , Mattia Prosperi

Causal machine learning methods can be used to search for treatment effect heterogeneity in high-dimensional datasets even where we lack a strong enough theoretical framework to select variables or make parametric assumptions about data.…

General Economics · Economics 2024-04-01 Patrick Rehill , Nicholas Biddle

This paper concerns robust inference on average treatment effects following model selection. In the selection on observables framework, we show how to construct confidence intervals based on a doubly-robust estimator that are robust to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Max H. Farrell

Estimating the causal dose-response function is challenging, particularly when data from a single source are insufficient to estimate responses precisely across all exposure levels. To overcome this limitation, we propose a data fusion…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Jaewon Lim , Alex Luedtke

Multimodal learning has been lacking principled ways of combining information from different modalities and learning a low-dimensional manifold of meaningful representations. We study multimodal learning and sensor fusion from a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Lijiang Guo

Causal inference is paramount for understanding the effects of interventions, yet extracting personalized insights from increasingly complex data remains a significant challenge for modern machine learning. This is the case, in particular,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-12 Filippo Salmaso , Lorenzo Testa , Francesca Chiaromonte