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Quantum state preparation is a fundamental primitive in quantum algorithms for encoding classical data into quantum amplitudes. We compare the cost of preparing general $n$-qubit states with real amplitudes using two common paradigms:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Diyi Liu , Hanyu Wang , Shuchen Zhu , Jason Cong , Wibe A. de Jong , Di Fang , Zhen Huang , Costin Iancu , Chao Yang

Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima

Minimizing the time required for quantum state preparation is crucial to mitigate decoherence and enable practical quantum algorithms on near-term hardware. In this work, we introduce a technique for quantum state preparation in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 K. De La Ossa Doria , T. Merlo Vergara , D. Goyeneche

Monitored quantum circuits host a rich variety of exotic non-equilibrium phases. Among the most representative examples are measurement-induced phase transitions between distinct area-law entangled states. However, because these transitions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Hui Yu , Jiangping Hu , Shi-Xin Zhang

Measurements allow efficient preparation of interesting quantum many-body states with long-range entanglement, conditioned on additional transformations based on measurement outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that the so-called conformal…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-09-07 Jong Yeon Lee , Wenjie Ji , Zhen Bi , Matthew P. A. Fisher

In the field of monitored quantum circuits, it has remained an open question whether finite-time protocols for preparing long-range entangled states lead to phases of matter which are stable to gate imperfections, which can convert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Guo-Yi Zhu , Nathanan Tantivasadakarn , Ashvin Vishwanath , Simon Trebst , Ruben Verresen

Current quantum computers have the potential to overcome classical computational methods, however, the capability of the algorithms that can be executed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is limited due to hardware imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Cristian A. Galvis-Florez , Daniel Reitzner , Simo Särkkä

Quantum systems evolve in time in one of two ways: through the Schr\"odinger equation or wavefunction collapse. So far, deterministic control of quantum many-body systems in the lab has focused on the former, due to the probabilistic nature…

Ground states of local Hamiltonians are of key interest in many-body physics and also in quantum information processing. Efficient verification of these states are crucial to many applications, but very challenging. Here we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Huangjun Zhu , Yunting Li , Tianyi Chen

Quantum error correction is an essential component for practical quantum computing on noisy quantum hardware. However, logical operations on error-corrected qubits require a significant resource overhead, especially for high-precision and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-31 Hyeongrak Choi , Frederic T. Chong , Dirk Englund , Yongshan Ding

We develop a scheme to prepare a macroscopic maximally entangled state (MMES) between two atomic ensembles using adaptive quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements. The quantum state of the system is evolved using a sequence of QND…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-15 Manish Chaudhary , Ebubechukwu O. Ilo-Okeke , Valentin Ivannikov , Tim Byrnes

Quantum state preparation is a critical task in quantum computing, particularly in fields such as quantum machine learning, Hamiltonian simulation, and quantum algorithm design. The depth of preparation circuit for the most general state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Yu Li , Guojing Tian , Xiaoyu He , Xiaoming Sun

Many-body ground state preparation is an important subroutine used in the simulation of physical systems. In this paper, we introduce a flexible and efficient framework for obtaining a state preparation circuit for a large class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Hyun-Soo Kim , Isaac H. Kim , Daniel Ranard

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

We introduce an efficient algorithm for the systematic design of shallow-depth quantum circuits capable of preparing many-body quantum states represented as Matrix Product States (MPS). The proposed method leverages Schmidt spectrum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Josh Green , Joshua Snow , Jingbo B Wang

Recent advancements in neutral atom platforms have enabled exploration of early fault-tolerant (FT) architectures for applications with quantum advantage, such as quantum dynamics simulations. An efficient fault-tolerant architecture has…

The suitability of the QDL method for analyzing the performance of ac power systems has been evaluated by application to a microgrid. The QDL method is based on a combination of Quantized State Systems (QSS) methods and the Latency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Navid Gholizadeh , Joseph M. Hood , Roger A. Dougal

We provide an efficient and general route for preparing non-trivial quantum states that are not adiabatically connected to unentangled product states. Our approach is a hybrid quantum-classical variational protocol that incorporates a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-03-08 Wen Wei Ho , Timothy H. Hsieh

Quantum state tomography (QST) represents an essential tool for the characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) of quantum processors. Only for a few idealized scenarios, there are analytic results for the optimal measurement set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling , Niklas Rohling , Guido Burkard

Long-range entangled states are vital for quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Preparing such states by combining measurements with unitary gates opened new possibilities for efficient protocols with finite-depth quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-07 Iosifina Angelidi , Marcin Szyniszewski , Arijeet Pal