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Large-scale transformer models have shown remarkable performance in language modelling tasks. However, such models feature billions of parameters, leading to difficulties in their deployment and prohibitive training costs from scratch. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Viktoriia Chekalina , Georgii Novikov , Julia Gusak , Ivan Oseledets , Alexander Panchenko

Natural language processing (NLP) enables the understanding and generation of meaningful human language, typically using a pre-trained complex architecture on a large dataset to learn the language and next fine-tune its weights to implement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yarden Tzach , Ronit D. Gross , Ella Koresh , Shalom Rosner , Or Shpringer , Tal Halevi , Ido Kanter

The use of transfer learning methods is largely responsible for the present breakthrough in Natural Learning Processing (NLP) tasks across multiple domains. In order to solve the problem of sentiment detection, we examined the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-05 Olumide Ebenezer Ojo , Hoang Thang Ta , Alexander Gelbukh , Hiram Calvo , Olaronke Oluwayemisi Adebanji , Grigori Sidorov

Pre-trained and fine-tuned transformer models like BERT and T5 have improved the state of the art in ad-hoc retrieval and question-answering, but not as yet in high-recall information retrieval, where the objective is to retrieve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Nima Sadri , Gordon V. Cormack

Can pre-trained BERT for one language and GPT for another be glued together to translate texts? Self-supervised training using only monolingual data has led to the success of pre-trained (masked) language models in many NLP tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zewei Sun , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li

Modern generative pre-trained language models excel at open-ended text generation, yet continue to underperform on structure-related tasks such as NER, relation extraction, and semantic role labeling, especially when compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Minho Lee , Junghyun Min , Yerang Kim , Woochul Lee , Yeonsoo Lee

Fine-tuning a pretrained transformer for a downstream task has become a standard method in NLP in the last few years. While the results from these models are impressive, applying them can be extremely computationally expensive, as is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Davis Yoshida , Allyson Ettinger , Kevin Gimpel

We explore the evolving efficacy of three generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models in generating answers for multiple-choice questions (MCQ) from introductory and intermediate Python programming courses in higher education. We focus…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jaromir Savelka , Arav Agarwal , Christopher Bogart , Majd Sakr

Transformer-based language models are now widely used in Natural Language Processing (NLP). This statement is especially true for English language, in which many pre-trained models utilizing transformer-based architecture have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Sławomir Dadas , Michał Perełkiewicz , Rafał Poświata

Pretrained bidirectional Transformers, such as BERT, have achieved significant improvements in a wide variety of language understanding tasks, while it is not straightforward to directly apply them for natural language generation. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Hangbo Bao , Li Dong , Wenhui Wang , Nan Yang , Furu Wei

Initially introduced as a machine translation model, the Transformer architecture has now become the foundation for modern deep learning architecture, with applications in a wide range of fields, from computer vision to natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Martin Courtois , Malte Ostendorff , Leonhard Hennig , Georg Rehm

We explore the application of transformer-based language models to automated theorem proving. This work is motivated by the possibility that a major limitation of automated theorem provers compared to humans -- the generation of original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Stanislas Polu , Ilya Sutskever

We consider language modelling (LM) as a multi-label structured prediction task by re-framing training from solely predicting a single ground-truth word to ranking a set of words which could continue a given context. To avoid annotating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Arvid Frydenlund , Gagandeep Singh , Frank Rudzicz

Transformers are arguably the preferred architecture for language generation. In this paper, inspired by continued fractions, we introduce a new function class for generative modeling. The architecture family implementing this function…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Amit Dhurandhar , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Dennis Wei , Tejaswini Pedapati , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Rahul Nair

Pre-training a transformer-based model for the language modeling task in a large dataset and then fine-tuning it for downstream tasks has been found very useful in recent years. One major advantage of such pre-trained language models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Enamul Hoque , Jimmy Xiangji Huang

The GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models are an artificial intelligence and natural language processing technology that enables automatic text generation. There is a growing interest in applying GPT language models to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Manuel de Buenaga , Francisco Javier Bueno

Question Answering (QA) is a task in natural language processing that has seen considerable growth after the advent of transformers. There has been a surge in QA datasets that have been proposed to challenge natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Kate Pearce , Tiffany Zhan , Aneesh Komanduri , Justin Zhan

Trained on the large corpus, pre-trained language models (PLMs) can capture different levels of concepts in context and hence generate universal language representations. They can benefit multiple downstream natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Nankai Lin , Yingwen Fu , Chuwei Chen , Ziyu Yang , Shengyi Jiang

We analyzed effectiveness of three generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models in answering multiple-choice question (MCQ) assessments, often involving short snippets of code, from introductory and intermediate programming courses at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Jaromir Savelka , Arav Agarwal , Christopher Bogart , Majd Sakr

Recently, leveraging pre-trained Transformer based language models in down stream, task specific models has advanced state of the art results in natural language understanding tasks. However, only a little research has explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Daniel Grießhaber , Johannes Maucher , Ngoc Thang Vu
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