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Deep learning (DL) models for disease classification or segmentation from medical images are increasingly trained using transfer learning (TL) from unrelated natural world images. However, shortcomings and utility of TL for specialized…

The diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders require radiology imaging (using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and ultrasound) and their precise analysis by expert…

Though deep learning has shown successful performance in classifying the label and severity stage of certain diseases, most of them give few explanations on how to make predictions. Inspired by Koch's Postulates, the foundation in…

Background: MRI is the modality of choice for cartilage imaging; however, its diagnostic performance is variable and significantly lower than the gold standard diagnostic knee arthroscopy. In recent years, deep learning has been used to…

Interpretability of deep learning is widely used to evaluate the reliability of medical imaging models and reduce the risks of inaccurate patient recommendations. For models exceeding human performance, e.g. predicting RNA structure from…

Deep learning (DL) networks have recently been shown to outperform other segmentation methods on various public, medical-image challenge datasets [3,11,16], especially for large pathologies. However, in the context of diseases such as…

Morphology of mitochondria plays critical roles in mediating their physiological functions. Accurate segmentation of mitochondria from 3D electron microscopy (EM) images is essential to quantitative characterization of their morphology at…

Clinical decision making from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines complementary information from multiple MRI sequences (defined as 'modalities'). MRI image registration aims to geometrically 'pair' diagnoses from different…

Computer-assisted diagnostic and prognostic systems of the future should be capable of simultaneously processing multimodal data. Multimodal deep learning (MDL), which involves the integration of multiple sources of data, such as images and…

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a type of brain disease which causes visual, sensory, and motor problems for people with a detrimental effect on the functioning of the nervous system. In order to diagnose MS, multiple screening methods have been…

The use of Deep Learning (DL) based methods in medical histopathology images have been one of the most sought after solutions to classify, segment, and detect diseased biopsy samples. However, given the complex nature of medical datasets…

Flow-Imaging Microscopy (FIM) is commonly used in both academia and industry to characterize subvisible particles (those $\le 25 \mu m$ in size) in protein therapeutics. Pharmaceutical companies are required to record vast volumes of FIM…

Deep Learning has shown outstanding results in computer vision tasks; healthcare is no exception. However, there is no straightforward way to expose the decision-making process of DL models. Good accuracy is not enough for skin cancer…

Deep learning methods for ophthalmic diagnosis have shown considerable success in tasks like segmentation and classification. However, their widespread application is limited due to the models being opaque and vulnerable to making a wrong…

Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown unprecedented success when applied to images, waveforms, and text. Generally, when the sample size ($N$) is much bigger than the number of features ($d$), DL often outperforms other machine learning…

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with several tumor types and its status has become increasingly vital in guiding patient treatment decisions. However, in clinical practice, distinguishing MSI from its counterpart is…

Multiplex Imaging (MI) enables the simultaneous visualization of multiple biological markers in separate imaging channels at subcellular resolution, providing valuable insights into cell-type heterogeneity and spatial organization. However,…

Melanoma is a prevalent lethal type of cancer that is treatable if diagnosed at early stages of development. Skin lesions are a typical indicator for diagnosing melanoma but they often led to delayed diagnosis due to high similarities of…

Pathologists have a rich vocabulary with which they can describe all the nuances of cellular morphology. In their world, there is a natural pairing of images and words. Recent advances demonstrate that machine learning models can now be…

A new paradigm is beginning to emerge in Radiology with the advent of increased computational capabilities and algorithms. This has led to the ability of real time learning by computer systems of different lesion types to help the…