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The recent release of ChatGPT has garnered widespread recognition for its exceptional ability to generate human-like responses in dialogue. Given its usage by users from various nations and its training on a vast multilingual corpus that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Yong Cao , Li Zhou , Seolhwa Lee , Laura Cabello , Min Chen , Daniel Hershcovich

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as personalized assistants for users across a wide range of tasks -- from offering writing support to delivering tailored recommendations or consultations. Over time, the interaction history between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bowen Jiang , Zhuoqun Hao , Young-Min Cho , Bryan Li , Yuan Yuan , Sihao Chen , Lyle Ungar , Camillo J. Taylor , Dan Roth

Chatbots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have rapidly become a significant part of everyday life, with over a quarter of American adults using them multiple times per week. While these tools offer potential benefits and risks, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Joseph Heffner , Chongyu Qin , Martin Chadwick , Chris Knutsen , Christopher Summerfield , Zeb Kurth-Nelson , Robb B. Rutledge

Conversational agents, also known as chatbots, are versatile tools that have the potential of being used in dialogical argumentation. They could possibly be deployed in tasks such as persuasion for behaviour change (e.g. persuading people…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Lisa A. Chalaguine , Anthony Hunter , Fiona L. Hamilton , Henry W. W. Potts

Tuning language models for dialogue generation has been a prevalent paradigm for building capable dialogue agents. Yet, traditional tuning narrowly views dialogue generation as resembling other language generation tasks, ignoring the role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jian Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Jiashuo Wang , Dongding Lin , Wenjie Li , Xiao-Yong Wei

As large language models (LLMs) become more common in educational tools and programming environments, questions arise about how these systems should interact with users. This study investigates how different interaction styles with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kai Deng

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in multicultural environments hinges on their ability to understand users' diverse cultural backgrounds. We measure this capability by having an LLM simulate human profiles representing various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Louis Kwok , Michal Bravansky , Lewis D. Griffin

Retrieval-based chatbots leverage human-verified Q\&A knowledge to deliver accurate, verifiable responses, making them ideal for customer-centric applications where compliance with regulatory and operational standards is critical. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Mengze Hong , Chen Jason Zhang , Di Jiang , Yuanqin He

Generative models have advanced rapidly, enabling impressive talking head generation that brings AI to life. However, most existing methods focus solely on one-way portrait animation. Even the few that support bidirectional conversational…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Haijie Yang , Zhenyu Zhang , Hao Tang , Jianjun Qian , Jian Yang

Question answering systems are rapidly advancing, but their opaque nature may impact user trust. We explored trust through an anti-monitoring framework, where trust is predicted to be correlated with presence of citations and inversely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yifan Ding , Matthew Facciani , Amrit Poudel , Ellen Joyce , Salvador Aguinaga , Balaji Veeramani , Sanmitra Bhattacharya , Tim Weninger

Although large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained using human feedback for safety and alignment with human values, alignment decisions often overlook human social diversity. This study examines how incorporating pluralistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Dalia Ali , Dora Zhao , Allison Koenecke , Orestis Papakyriakopoulos

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly effective chatbots. However, the compute costs of widely deploying LLMs have raised questions about profitability. Companies have proposed exploring…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Brian Jay Tang , Kaiwen Sun , Noah T. Curran , Florian Schaub , Kang G. Shin

Chatbots are used in many applications, e.g., automated agents, smart home assistants, interactive characters in online games, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure they do not behave in undesired manners, providing offensive or toxic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Jeremy Blackburn , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gianluca Stringhini , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) excel at open-ended dialogue, effective psychotherapy requires structured progression and adherence to clinical protocols, making the design of psychotherapist chatbots challenging. We investigate how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sina Elahimanesh , Mohammadali Mohammadkhani , Sara Zahedi Movahed , Mohammad Mahdi Abootorabi , Shayan Salehi , Abbas Edalat

Personalized support is essential to fulfill individuals' emotional needs and sustain their mental well-being. Large language models (LLMs), with great customization flexibility, hold promises to enable individuals to create their own…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xi Zheng , Zhuoyang Li , Xinning Gui , Yuhan Luo

Current approaches to Natural Language Generation (NLG) for dialog mainly focus on domain-specific, task-oriented applications (e.g. restaurant booking) using limited ontologies (up to 20 slot types), usually without considering the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Alessandra Cervone , Chandra Khatri , Rahul Goel , Behnam Hedayatnia , Anu Venkatesh , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Raefer Gabriel

This paper addresses the question: Why do neural dialog systems generate short and meaningless replies? We conjecture that, in a dialog system, an utterance may have multiple equally plausible replies, causing the deficiency of neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Bolin Wei , Shuai Lu , Lili Mou , Hao Zhou , Pascal Poupart , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Automated evaluation of open domain natural language generation (NLG) models remains a challenge and widely used metrics such as BLEU and Perplexity can be misleading in some cases. In our paper, we propose to evaluate natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Wangchunshu Zhou , Ke Xu

The conversational nature of chatbots poses challenges to designers since their development is different from other software and requires investigating new practices in the context of human-AI interaction and their impact on user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Geovana Ramos Sousa Silva , Edna Dias Canedo

Many Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots are designed and used for companionship, and people have reported forming friendships, mentorships, and romantic partnerships with them. Concerns that companion chatbots may harm or replace real…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rose E. Guingrich , Michael S. A. Graziano