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Space-based gravitational wave detectors cannot keep rigid structures and precise arm length equality, so the precise equality of detector arms which is required in a ground-based interferometer to cancel the overwhelming laser noise is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-25 Chunyu Zhang , Qing Gao , Yungui Gong , Dicong Liang , Alan J. Weinstein , Chao Zhang

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique that cancels the large laser phase fluctuations affecting the one-way Doppler measurements made by unequal-arm space-based gravitational wave interferometers. In a previous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-18 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev Dhurandhar

Space-borne interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (mHz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors, the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel times will necessarily be unequal and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Michele Vallisneri , J. W. Armstrong

The time delay interferometry (TDI) is an algorithm proposed to suppress the laser frequency noise in space-borne gravitational wave detectors. As a post-processing technique, it is implemented by constructing a virtual equal arm…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Pan-Pan Wang , Wei-Liang Qian , Yu-Jie Tan , Han-Zhong Wu , Cheng-Gang Shao

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a key technique employed in gravitational wave (GW) space missions to mitigate laser frequency noise by combining multiple laser links and establishing an equivalent equal arm interferometry. The null…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-10 Gang Wang

Three spacecraft of LISA/TAIJI mission follow their respective geodesic trajectories, and their interferometric arms are unequal and time-varying due to orbital dynamics. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to suppress the laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-26 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni

This paper presents a novel method for laser frequency stabilisation in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission by locking a laser to two stable length references - the arms of the interferometer and an on-board optical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Jobin Thomas Valliyakalayil , Andrew J. H. Sutton , Robert E. Spero , Daniel A. Shaddock , Kirk McKenzie

Laser frequency noise (LFN) is the dominant source of noise expected in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, at $\sim$7 orders of magnitude greater than the typical signal expected from gravitational waves (GWs).…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-13 Jessica Page , Tyson Littenberg

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a crucial step in the on-ground data processing pipeline of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), as it reduces otherwise overwhelming laser noise and allows for the detection of gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Martin Staab , Marc Lilley , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig

With a laser interferometric gravitational-wave detector in separate free flying spacecraft, the only way to achieve detection is to mitigate the dominant noise arising from the frequency fluctuations of the lasers via postprocessing. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-27 Quentin Baghi , John Baker , Jacob Slutsky , James Ira Thorpe

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a joint ESA-NASA space-mission to detect and study mHz cosmic gravitational waves. The trajectories followed by its three spacecraft result in unequal- and time-varying arms, requiring use of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 Massimo Tinto , Olaf Hartwig

We present detailed numerical simulations of a laser phase stabilization scheme for LISA, where both lasers emitting along one arm are locked to each other. Including the standard secondary noises and spacecraft motions that approximately…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Julien Sylvestre

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), employ synthetic Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) to cancel the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise. The phase readouts…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-11 Neil J. Cornish , Tyson Littenberg

In the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the laser subsystems exhibit frequency fluctuations that introduce significant levels of noise into the measurements, surpassing the gravitational wave signal by several…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-15 Philipp Euringer , Niklas Houba , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Oliver Mandel , Francis Soualle , Walter Fichter

The space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA relies on a form of synthetic interferometry (time-delay interferometry, or TDI) where the otherwise overwhelming laser phase noise is canceled by linear combinations of appropriately…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-28 Michele Vallisneri , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Stanislav Babak , Antoine Petiteau

Probing extra polarizations in gravitational waves (GWs) with space-based detectors is the most direct method for testing theories of gravity. In this paper, by employing the second-generation time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel out…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-22 Tong Jiang , Chunyu Zhang

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to reduce laser frequency noise by building an equal-arm interferometer via combining time-shifted raw phase measurements.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Olaf Hartwig , Martina Muratore

Spaceborne gravitational-wave observatories utilize a postprocessing technique known as time-delay interferometry (TDI) to reduce the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise by around 8 orders of magnitude. While, in its traditional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-11 Kohei Yamamoto , Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Olaf Hartwig

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. The three-spacecraft constellation forms a nearly-equilateral triangle, which experiences…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Laser frequency noise enters the interferometric measurements and dominates the expected…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-22 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Marc Lilley , Antoine Petiteau , Hubert Halloin