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Related papers: Shrinkage Methods for Treatment Choice

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Researchers regularly perform conditional prediction using imputed values of missing data. However, applications of imputation often lack a firm foundation in statistical theory. This paper originated when we were unable to find analysis…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-02-24 Charles F Manski , Michael Gmeiner , Anat Tamburc

In this paper, we identify the criteria for the selection of the minimal and most efficient covariate adjustment sets for the regression calibration method developed by Carroll, Rupert and Stefanski (CRS, 1992), used to correct bias due to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-17 Wenze Tang , Donna Spiegelman , Yujie Wu , Molin Wang

We consider the problem of selecting the optimal subgroup to treat when data on covariates is available from a randomized trial or observational study. We distinguish between four different settings including (i) treatment selection when…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-28 Tyler J. VanderWeele , Alex R. Luedtke , Mark J. van der Laan , Ronald C. Kessler

The widespread adoption of randomized controlled trials (A/B Tests) for decision-making has introduced a pervasive "Winner's Curse": experiments selected for launch often exhibit upwardly biased effect estimates and invalid confidence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-16 Richard Mudd , Abbas Zaidi , Rina Friedberg , Ilya Gorbachev , Anchal Choubey , Houssam Nassif

While shrinkage is essential in high-dimensional settings, its use for low-dimensional regression-based prediction has been debated. It reduces variance, often leading to improved prediction accuracy. However, it also inevitably introduces…

We study the problem of learning personalized decision policies from observational data while accounting for possible unobserved confounding. Previous approaches, which assume unconfoundedness, i.e., that no unobserved confounders affect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Nathan Kallus , Angela Zhou

Estimating average treatment effects from observational data is challenging under practical violations of the positivity assumption. Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimators (TMLEs) are widely used because of their double robustness and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Yichen Xu , Susan Gruber , Mark J. van der Laan

Estimating the Individual Treatment Effect from observational data, defined as the difference between outcomes with and without treatment or intervention, while observing just one of both, is a challenging problems in causal learning. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Céline Beji , Michaël Bon , Florian Yger , Jamal Atif

Causal inference methods are widely applied in various decision-making domains such as precision medicine, optimal policy and economics. Central to causal inference is the treatment effect estimation of intervention strategies, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tri Dung Duong , Qian Li , Guandong Xu

In high-dimensional data settings where $p\gg n$, many penalized regularization approaches were studied for simultaneous variable selection and estimation. However, with the existence of covariates with weak effect, many existing variable…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-24 Xiaoli Gao , S. E. Ahmed , Yang Feng

Motivated by the increasing use of and rapid changes in array technologies, we consider the prediction problem of fitting a linear regression relating a continuous outcome $Y$ to a large number of covariates $\mathbf {X}$, for example,…

Applications · Statistics 2014-01-13 Philip S. Boonstra , Bhramar Mukherjee , Jeremy M. G. Taylor

Optimising queries in real-world situations under imperfect conditions is still a problem that has not been fully solved. We consider finding the optimal order in which to execute a given set of selection operators under partial ignorance…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Khaled H. Alyoubi , Sven Helmer , Peter T. Wood

Accurate estimation of conditional average treatment effects (CATE) is at the core of personalized decision making. While there is a plethora of models for CATE estimation, model selection is a nontrivial task, due to the fundamental…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-29 Hui Lan , Vasilis Syrgkanis

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

A new meta-algorithm for estimating the conditional average treatment effects is proposed in the paper. The main idea underlying the algorithm is to consider a new dataset consisting of feature vectors produced by means of concatenation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-10 Lev V. Utkin , Mikhail V. Kots , Viacheslav S. Chukanov

Multistate process data are common in studies of chronic diseases such as cancer. These data are ideal for precision medicine purposes as they can be leveraged to improve more refined health outcomes, compared to standard survival outcomes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-28 Giorgos Bakoyannis

Machine learning (ML) estimates of conditional average treatment effects (CATE) can guide policy decisions, either by allowing targeting of individuals with beneficial CATE estimates, or as inputs to decision trees that optimise overall…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-04 Julia Hatamyar , Noemi Kreif

Constrained approaches to maximum likelihood estimation in the context of finite mixtures of normals have been presented in the literature. A fully data-dependent constrained method for maximum likelihood estimation of clusterwise linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-11 Roberto Di Mari , Roberto Rocci , Stefano Antonio Gattone

Instrumental variable methods have been widely used to identify causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. A key identification condition known as the exclusion restriction states that the instrument cannot have a direct…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-05 Baoluo Sun , Yifan Cui , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Regression calibration as developed by Rosner, Spiegelman and Willet is used to correct the bias in effect estimates due to measurement error in continuous exposures. The method involves two models: a measurement error model (MEM) relating…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Wenze Tang , Donna Spiegelman , Xiaomei Liao , Molin Wang