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Human annotations are an important source of information in the development of natural language understanding approaches. As under the pressure of productivity annotators can assign different labels to a given text, the quality of produced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Kristian Miok , Gregor Pirs , Marko Robnik-Sikonja

The current trend in automatic speech recognition is to leverage large amounts of labeled data to train supervised neural network models. Unfortunately, obtaining data for a wide range of domains to train robust models can be costly.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Wei-Ning Hsu , Hao Tang , James Glass

Text style transfer is an important task in controllable language generation. Supervised approaches have pushed performance improvement on style-oriented rewriting such as formality conversion. However, challenges remain due to the scarcity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Semantically meaningful sentence embeddings are important for numerous tasks in natural language processing. To obtain such embeddings, recent studies explored the idea of utilizing synthetically generated data from pretrained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Taehee Kim , ChaeHun Park , Jimin Hong , Radhika Dua , Edward Choi , Jaegul Choo

Constrained clustering allows the training of classification models using pairwise constraints only, which are weak and relatively easy to mine, while still yielding full-supervision-level model performance. While they perform well even in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jann Goschenhofer , Bernd Bischl , Zsolt Kira

We propose new static word embeddings optimised for sentence semantic representation. We first extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer, and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takashi Wada , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Takahiro Kawashima , Yuki Saito

We present a methodology for using unlabeled data to design semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods that improve the predictive performance of supervised learning for regression tasks. The main idea is to design different mechanisms for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 Oren Yuval , Saharon Rosset

Universal cross-lingual sentence embeddings map semantically similar cross-lingual sentences into a shared embedding space. Aligning cross-lingual sentence embeddings usually requires supervised cross-lingual parallel sentences. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Yau-Shian Wang , Ashley Wu , Graham Neubig

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has become important in current data analysis applications, where the amount of unlabeled data is growing exponentially and user input remains limited by logistics and expense. Constrained clustering, as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Yen-Yun Yu , Shireen Y. Elhabian , Ross T. Whitaker

We present a novel self-supervised learning approach for conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) under a semi-supervised setting. Unlike prior self-supervised approaches which often involve geometric augmentations on the image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jiaze Sun , Binod Bhattarai , Tae-Kyun Kim

Semi-supervised dialogue summarization (SSDS) leverages model-generated summaries to reduce reliance on human-labeled data and improve the performance of summarization models. While addressing label noise, previous works on semi-supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Jianfeng He , Hang Su , Jason Cai , Igor Shalyminov , Hwanjun Song , Saab Mansour

With the huge technological advances introduced by deep learning in audio & speech processing, many novel synthetic speech techniques achieved incredible realistic results. As these methods generate realistic fake human voices, they can be…

We introduce a new model for building conditional generative models in a semi-supervised setting to conditionally generate data given attributes by adapting the GAN framework. The proposed semi-supervised GAN (SS-GAN) model uses a pair of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-22 Kumar Sricharan , Raja Bala , Matthew Shreve , Hui Ding , Kumar Saketh , Jin Sun

Is it possible to train a general metric for evaluating text generation quality without human annotated ratings? Existing learned metrics either perform unsatisfactorily across text generation tasks or require human ratings for training on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Wenda Xu , Xian Qian , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li , William Yang Wang

Neural sentence embedding models for dense retrieval typically rely on binary relevance labels, treating query-document pairs as either relevant or irrelevant. However, real-world relevance often exists on a continuum, and recent advances…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Christos Tsirigotis , Vaibhav Adlakha , Joao Monteiro , Aaron Courville , Perouz Taslakian

We introduce an unsupervised discriminative model for the task of retrieving experts in online document collections. We exclusively employ textual evidence and avoid explicit feature engineering by learning distributed word representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Christophe Van Gysel , Maarten de Rijke , Marcel Worring

Contrastive learning has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing pre-trained language models (PLMs) to derive superior universal sentence embeddings. However, existing contrastive methods still have two limitations. Firstly, previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yuxin Jiang , Linhan Zhang , Wei Wang

Semantic information refers to the meaning conveyed through words, phrases, and contextual relationships within a given linguistic structure. Humans can leverage semantic information, such as familiar linguistic patterns and contextual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-06 Jixun Yao , Hexin Liu , Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , EngSiong Chng , Lei Xie

We propose the application of a semi-supervised learning method to improve the performance of acoustic modelling for automatic speech recognition based on deep neural net- works. As opposed to unsupervised initialisation followed by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-04 Akash Kumar Dhaka , Giampiero Salvi

Federated Semi-Supervised Learning (FSSL) aims to leverage unlabeled data across clients with limited labeled data to train a global model with strong generalization ability. Most FSSL methods rely on consistency regularization with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yijie Liu , Xinyi Shang , Yiqun Zhang , Yang Lu , Chen Gong , Jing-Hao Xue , Hanzi Wang