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This is a review of the geometry of quantum states using elementary methods and pictures. Quantum states are represented by a convex body, often in high dimensions. In the case of n-qubits, the dimension is exponentially large in n. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-12 Joseph Avron , Oded Kenneth

We study three families of polyhedral cones whose sections are regular simplices, cubes, and crosspolytopes. We compute solid angles and conic intrinsic volumes of these cones. We show that several quantities appearing in stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Zakhar Kabluchko , Hauke Seidel

This work rests upon the certainty that only fields of real and complex numbers, quaternions and octonions have algebras of all four arithmetical operations. Also quaternions are good to represent 3-dimensional Euclid space and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-06-03 Sergei Yakimenko

A common representation of a three dimensional object in computer applications, such as graphics and design, is in the form of a triangular mesh. In many instances, individual or groups of triangles in such representation need to satisfy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-08 Valentin R. Koch , Hung M. Phan

A vertex colouring of some graph is called perfect if each vertex of colour $i$ has the same number $a_{ij}$ of neighbours of colour $j$. Here we determine all perfect colourings of the edge graphs of the hypercube in dimensions 4 and 5 by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-29 Dirk Frettlöh

Suppose that $\mathbb{F}_p$ is coloured with $r$ colours. Then there is some colour class containing at least $c_r p^2$ quadruples of the form $(x, y , x + y, xy)$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-05 Ben Green , Tom Sanders

We prove that each bounded polytope can be represented as a polynomial zonotope, which we refer to as the Z-representation of polytopes. Previous representations are the vertex representation (V-representation) and the halfspace…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-17 Niklas Kochdumper , Matthias Althoff

Orthogonal surfaces are nice mathematical objects which have interesting connections to various fields, e.g., integer programming, monomial ideals and order dimension. While orthogonal surfaces in one or two dimensions are rather trivial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stefan Felsner , Sarah Kappes

We introduce a new notion for geometric families called self-coverability and show that homothets of convex polygons are self-coverable. As a corollary, we obtain several results about coloring point sets such that any member of the family…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-17 Balázs Keszegh , Dömötör Pálvölgyi

In this paper, we consider representations of integers as sums of at most four distinct $m$-gonal numbers (allowing a fixed number of repeats of each polygonal number occurring in the sum). We show that the number of such representations…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Kathrin Bringmann , Min-Joo Jang , Ben Kane , Cheuk Hin Alvin Tse

We survey some principal results and open problems related to colorings of geometric and algebraic objects endowed with symmetries, concentrating the exposition on the maximal symmetry numbers of such objects.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-07 Taras Banakh

We review the mathematical tools required to cull and filter representations of the Coxeter Group $BC_4$ into providing bases for the construction of minimal off-shell representations of the 4D, $ {\cal N}$ = 1 spacetime supersymmetry…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-21 D. E. A. Gates , S. James Gates

Geometrical optics describes, with good accuracy, the propagation of high-frequency plane waves through an electromagnetic medium. Under such approximation, the behaviour of the electromagnetic fields is characterised by just three…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-17 Alberto Favaro , Friedrich W. Hehl

The spatial symmetry of matter - including finite objects like molecules or atomic clusters, and extended objects like periodic or aperiodic crystals - is described using point groups and space groups. Magnetic point groups and space groups…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-05-28 Ron Lifshitz

Shape metrics for objects in high dimensions remain sparse. Those that do exist, such as hyper-volume, remain limited to objects that are better understood such as Platonic solids and $n$-Cubes. Further, understanding objects of ill-defined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-15 William Franz Lamberti

We indicate that Heron's formula (which relates the square of the area of a triangle to a quartic function of its edge lengths) can be interpreted as a scissors congruence in 4-dimensional space. In the process of demonstrating this, we…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-04-09 J. Scott Carter , David A. Mullens

Complementary idempotent paravectors and their ordered compositions, are used to represent multivector basis elements of geometric Clifford algebra for 3D Euclidean space as the states of a geometric byte in a given frame of reference. Two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Victor I. Tarkhanov , Michael M. Nesterov

Starting with a `bare' 4-dimensional differential manifold as a model of spacetime, we discuss the options one has for defining a volume element which can be used for physical theories. We show that one has to prescribe a scalar density…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-25 Frank Gronwald , Uwe Muench , Alfredo Macías , Friedrich W. Hehl

While faces of a polytope form a well structured lattice, in which faces of each possible dimension are present, this is not true for general compact convex sets. We address the question of what dimensional patterns are possible for the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-03-23 Vera Roshchina , Tian Sang , David Yost

In the context of Synthetic Differential Geometry, we describe the square volume of a ``second-infinitesimal simplex'', in terms of square-distance between its vertices. The square-volume function thus described is symmetric in the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Anders Kock