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Recently, there has been increasing interest in synthesizing data to improve downstream text-to-SQL tasks. In this paper, we first examined the existing synthesized datasets and discovered that state-of-the-art text-to-SQL algorithms did…

The existing Text-to-SQL models suffer from a shortage of training data, inhibiting their ability to fully facilitate the applications of SQL queries in new domains. To address this challenge, various data synthesis techniques have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shenyang Liu , Saleh Almohaimeed , Liqiang Wang

Exploring the generalization of a text-to-SQL parser is essential for a system to automatically adapt the real-world databases. Previous works provided investigations focusing on lexical diversity, including the influence of the synonym and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Jieyu Li , Lu Chen , Ruisheng Cao , Su Zhu , Hongshen Xu , Zhi Chen , Hanchong Zhang , Kai Yu

Conventional text-to-SQL parsers are not good at synthesizing complex SQL queries that involve multiple tables or columns, due to the challenges inherent in identifying the correct schema items and performing accurate alignment between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Yangjun Wu , Han Wang

We present ReFoRCE, a Text-to-SQL agent that tops the Spider 2.0 leaderboard--a challenging benchmark reflecting complex, real-world Text-to-SQL scenarios. While Text-to-SQL systems enable natural language queries over structured databases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Minghang Deng , Ashwin Ramachandran , Canwen Xu , Lanxiang Hu , Zhewei Yao , Anupam Datta , Hao Zhang

The generalizability to new databases is of vital importance to Text-to-SQL systems which aim to parse human utterances into SQL statements. Existing works achieve this goal by leveraging the exact matching method to identify the lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Lijie Wen

The data-centric paradigm has emerged as a pivotal direction in artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing the role of high-quality training data. This shift is especially critical in the Text-to-SQL task, where the scarcity, limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Qifeng Cai , Hao Liang , Chang Xu , Tao Xie , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Grammar-based parsers have achieved high performance in the cross-domain text-to-SQL parsing task, but suffer from low decoding efficiency due to the much larger number of actions for grammar selection than that of tokens in SQL queries.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Kun Wu , Lijie Wang , Zhenghua Li , Xinyan Xiao

Text-to-SQL, the process of translating natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL), represents a transformative application of large language models (LLMs), potentially revolutionizing how humans interact with data. This paper…

Text-to-SQL datasets are essential for training and evaluating text-to-SQL models, but existing datasets often suffer from limited coverage and fail to capture the diversity of real-world applications. To address this, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hao Wang , Yuanfeng Song , Xiaoming Yin , Xing Chen

Long sequences of text are challenging in the context of transformers, due to quadratic memory increase in the self-attention mechanism. As this issue directly affects the translation from natural language to SQL queries (as techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Marcelo Archanjo Jose , Fabio Gagliardi Cozman

Text-to-SQL generation aims to translate natural language questions into SQL statements. In Text-to-SQL based on large language models, schema linking is a widely adopted strategy to streamline the input for LLMs by selecting only relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Zhenbiao Cao , Yuanlei Zheng , Zhihao Fan , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai

We focus on Text-to-SQL semantic parsing from the perspective of retrieval-augmented generation. Motivated by challenges related to the size of commercial database schemata and the deployability of business intelligence solutions, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Zhili Shen , Pavlos Vougiouklis , Chenxin Diao , Kaustubh Vyas , Yuanyi Ji , Jeff Z. Pan

Recent advances in text-to-SQL systems have been driven by larger models and improved datasets, yet progress is still limited by the scarcity of high-quality training data. Manual data creation is expensive, and existing synthetic methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Marko Sterbentz , Kevin Cushing , Cameron Barrie , Kristian J. Hammond

Text-to-SQL conversion is a critical innovation, simplifying the transition from complex SQL to intuitive natural language queries, especially significant given SQL's prevalence in the job market across various roles. The rise of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tingkai Zhang , Chaoyu Chen , Cong Liao , Jun Wang , Xudong Zhao , Hang Yu , Jianchao Wang , Jianguo Li , Wenhui Shi

We present a neural approach called IRNet for complex and cross-domain Text-to-SQL. IRNet aims to address two challenges: 1) the mismatch between intents expressed in natural language (NL) and the implementation details in SQL; 2) the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Jiaqi Guo , Zecheng Zhan , Yan Gao , Yan Xiao , Jian-Guang Lou , Ting Liu , Dongmei Zhang

Recent advances in Text-to-SQL have largely focused on the SQLite dialect, neglecting the diverse landscape of SQL dialects like BigQuery and PostgreSQL. This limitation is due to the diversity in SQL syntaxes and functions, along with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Ruoxi Sun , Hailong Li , Lesly Miculicich , Tomas Pfister , Sercan O. Arik

Translating natural language questions into SQL queries, known as text-to-SQL, is a long-standing research problem. Effective text-to-SQL synthesis can become very challenging due to (i) the extensive size of database catalogs (descriptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Shayan Talaei , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yu-Chen Chang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Amin Saberi

The text-to-SQL task is an active challenge in Natural Language Processing. Many existing solutions focus on using black-box language models extended with specialized components within customized end-to-end text-to-SQL pipelines. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alicja Rączkowska , Riccardo Belluzzo , Piotr Zieliński , Joanna Baran , Paweł Olszewski

Text-to-SQL parsing is an essential and challenging task. The goal of text-to-SQL parsing is to convert a natural language (NL) question to its corresponding structured query language (SQL) based on the evidences provided by relational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Bowen Qin , Binyuan Hui , Lihan Wang , Min Yang , Jinyang Li , Binhua Li , Ruiying Geng , Rongyu Cao , Jian Sun , Luo Si , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li
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