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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Jiaxing Wang , Yin Zheng , Xiaoshuang Chen , Junzhou Huang , Jian Cheng

Standard fine-tuning of pre-trained audio models couples representation learning with classifier training, which can obscure the true quality of the learned representations. In this work, we advocate for a disentangled two-stage framework…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yang Wang , Qibin Liang , Chenghao Xiao , Yizhi Li , Noura Al Moubayed , Chenghua Lin

This paper addresses the persistent challenge in Keyword Spotting (KWS), a fundamental component in speech technology, regarding the acquisition of substantial labeled data for training. Given the difficulty in obtaining large quantities of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Weinan Dai , Yifeng Jiang , Yuanjing Liu , Jinkun Chen , Xin Sun , Jinglei Tao

Supervised learning can improve the design of state-of-the-art solvers for combinatorial problems, but labelling large numbers of combinatorial instances is often impractical due to exponential worst-case complexity. Inspired by the recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Haonan Duan , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Max B. Paulus , Yangjun Ruan , Chris J. Maddison

Unsupervised pre-training has led to much recent progress in natural language understanding. In this paper, we study self-training as another way to leverage unlabeled data through semi-supervised learning. To obtain additional data for a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Jingfei Du , Edouard Grave , Beliz Gunel , Vishrav Chaudhary , Onur Celebi , Michael Auli , Ves Stoyanov , Alexis Conneau

Contrastive learning methods enforce label distance relationships in feature space to improve representation capability for regression models. However, these methods highly depend on label information to correctly recover ordinal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ce Wang , Weihang Dai , Hanru Bai , Xiaomeng Li

Recently, contrastive self-supervised learning has become a key component for learning visual representations across many computer vision tasks and benchmarks. However, contrastive learning in the context of domain adaptation remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Mamatha Thota , Georgios Leontidis

Counterfactual Data Augmentation (CDA) is a commonly used technique for improving robustness in natural language classifiers. However, one fundamental challenge is how to discover meaningful counterfactuals and efficiently label them, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Ananth Balashankar , Xuezhi Wang , Yao Qin , Ben Packer , Nithum Thain , Jilin Chen , Ed H. Chi , Alex Beutel

Contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success in learning effective representations, with supervised contrastive learning often outperforming self-supervised approaches. However, in real-world scenarios, data annotations are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zi-Hao Zhou , Jun-Jie Wang , Tong Wei , Min-Ling Zhang

In this paper, we present a framework for contrastive learning for audio representations, in a self supervised frame work without access to any ground truth labels. The core idea in self supervised contrastive learning is to map an audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Prateek Verma , Julius Smith

Data augmentation is a ubiquitous technique for increasing the size of labeled training sets by leveraging task-specific data transformations that preserve class labels. While it is often easy for domain experts to specify individual…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-10 Alexander J. Ratner , Henry R. Ehrenberg , Zeshan Hussain , Jared Dunnmon , Christopher Ré

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a key technology to enable more natural human-machine communication. However, SER has long suffered from a lack of public large-scale labeled datasets. To circumvent this problem, we investigate how…

Contrastive pretraining techniques for text classification has been largely studied in an unsupervised setting. However, oftentimes labeled data from related tasks which share label semantics with current task is available. We hypothesize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Samujjwal Ghosh , Subhadeep Maji , Maunendra Sankar Desarkar

Pretrained language models can be effectively stimulated by textual prompts or demonstrations, especially in low-data scenarios. Recent works have focused on automatically searching discrete or continuous prompts or optimized verbalizers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Xiaozhuan Liang , Ningyu Zhang , Siyuan Cheng , Zhenru Zhang , Chuanqi Tan , Huajun Chen

The sequential recommendation aims at predicting the next items in user behaviors, which can be solved by characterizing item relationships in sequences. Due to the data sparsity and noise issues in sequences, a new self-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Zhiwei Liu , Yongjun Chen , Jia Li , Man Luo , Philip S. Yu , Caiming Xiong

Contrastive learning has been used to learn a high-quality representation of the image in computer vision. However, contrastive learning is not widely utilized in natural language processing due to the lack of a general method of data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Peng Su , Yifan Peng , K. Vijay-Shanker

Contrastive learning has become a popular approach in natural language processing, particularly for the learning of sentence embeddings. However, the discrete nature of natural language makes it difficult to ensure the quality of positive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Qinyuan Cheng , Xiaogui Yang , Tianxiang Sun , Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu

Contrastive self-supervised learning has become a prominent technique in representation learning. The main step in these methods is to contrast semantically similar and dissimilar pairs of samples. However, in the domain of Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Mansooreh Karami , Huan Liu

Making decent multi-lingual sentence representations is critical to achieve high performances in cross-lingual downstream tasks. In this work, we propose a novel method to align multi-lingual embeddings based on the similarity of sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Minsu Park , Seyeon Choi , Chanyeol Choi , Jun-Seong Kim , Jy-yong Sohn