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We provide a comprehensive investigation of different custom and off-the-shelf architectures as well as different approaches to generating feature vectors for offensive language detection. We also show that these approaches work well on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Harrison Uglow , Martin Zlocha , Szymon Zmyślony

The prevalence of offensive content on the internet, encompassing hate speech and cyberbullying, is a pervasive issue worldwide. Consequently, it has garnered significant attention from the machine learning (ML) and natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Alphaeus Dmonte , Tejas Arya , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Marcos Zampieri

Open Learning Analytics (OLA) is an emerging research area that aims at improving learning efficiency and effectiveness in lifelong learning environments. OLA employs multiple methods to draw value from a wide range of educational data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Arham Muslim , Mohamed Amine Chatti , Mouadh Guesmi

A programming language is a formally constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Ghassan Samara

Formal techniques have been shown to be useful in the development of correct software. But the level of expertise required of practitioners of these techniques prohibits their widespread adoption. Formal techniques need to be tailored to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 William Heaven , Alessandra Russo

While mechanistic interpretability has developed powerful tools to analyze the internal workings of Large Language Models (LLMs), their complexity has created an accessibility gap, limiting their use to specialists. We address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Aaron Louis Eidt , Nils Feldhus

This paper presents LOLA, a massively multilingual large language model trained on more than 160 languages using a sparse Mixture-of-Experts Transformer architecture. Our architectural and implementation choices address the challenge of…

Ontology learning (OL) is the process of automatically generating an ontological knowledge base from a plain text document. In this paper, we propose a new ontology learning approach and tool, called DLOL, which generates a knowledge base…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Sourish Dasgupta , Ankur Padia , Gaurav Maheshwari , Priyansh Trivedi , Jens Lehmann

The widespread use of offensive content in social media has led to an abundance of research in detecting language such as hate speech, cyberbullying, and cyber-aggression. Recent work presented the OLID dataset, which follows a taxonomy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Sara Rosenthal , Pepa Atanasova , Georgi Karadzhov , Marcos Zampieri , Preslav Nakov

Offensive language detection is an important task for filtering out abusive expressions and improving online user experiences. However, malicious users often attempt to avoid filtering systems through the involvement of textual noises. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Seunguk Yu , Juhwan Choi , Youngbin Kim

Hausa, a major Chadic language spoken by over 100 million people mostly in West Africa is considered a low-resource language from a computational linguistic perspective. This classification indicates a scarcity of linguistic resources and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Fatima Muhammad Adam , Abubakar Yakubu Zandam , Isa Inuwa-Dutse

This paper introduces and presents a new language named MAIL (Malware Analysis Intermediate Language). MAIL is basically used for building malware analysis and detection tools. MAIL provides an abstract representation of an assembly program…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Shahid Alam

The utilisation of Deep Learning (DL) raises new challenges regarding its dependability in critical applications. Sound verification and validation methods are needed to assure the safe and reliable use of DL. However, state-of-the-art…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Xingyu Zhao , Wei Huang , Sven Schewe , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang

Most research on hate speech detection has focused on English where a sizeable amount of labeled training data is available. However, to expand hate speech detection into more languages, approaches that require minimal training data are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Janis Goldzycher , Moritz Preisig , Chantal Amrhein , Gerold Schneider

Classic information extraction techniques consist in building questions and answers about the facts. Indeed, it is still a challenge to subjective information extraction systems to identify opinions and feelings in context. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Francielle Alves Vargas , Isabelle Carvalho , Fabiana Rodrigues de Góes

Social media are pervasive in our life, making it necessary to ensure safe online experiences by detecting and removing offensive and hate speech. In this work, we report our submission to the Offensive Language and hate-speech Detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-03 AbdelRahim Elmadany , Chiyu Zhang , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Azadeh Hashemi

In recent years, abusive behavior has become a serious issue in online social networks. In this paper, we present a new corpus from a semi-anonymous social media platform, which contains the instances of offensive and neutral classes. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Niloofar Safi Samghabadi , Afsheen Hatami , Mahsa Shafaei , Sudipta Kar , Thamar Solorio

Despite the considerable efforts being made to monitor and regulate user-generated content on social media platforms, the pervasiveness of offensive language, such as hate speech or cyberbullying, in the digital space remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yunze Xiao , Houda Bouamor , Wajdi Zaghouani

Large language models (LLMs) offer promising opportunities for organizational research. However, their built-in moderation systems can create problems when researchers try to analyze harmful content, often refusing to follow certain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mustafa Akben , Aaron Satko

Open Information Extraction (OIE) aims to extract objective structured knowledge from natural texts, which has attracted growing attention to build dedicated models with human experience. As the large language models (LLMs) have exhibited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Ji Qi , Kaixuan Ji , Xiaozhi Wang , Jifan Yu , Kaisheng Zeng , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Bin Xu
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