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Related papers: Stop Measuring Calibration When Humans Disagree

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The classic concept of "calibrated forecasts" and its more recent refinement, "calibeating," are defined with respect to the standard quadratic scoring rule. We extend these notions to the class of $\textit{proper}$ scoring rules (for which…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-28 Dean P. Foster , Sergiu Hart

Nowadays, sensors play a major role in several contexts like science, industry and daily life which benefit of their use. However, the retrieved information must be reliable. Anomalies in the behavior of sensors can give rise to critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Luis J. Muñoz-Molina , Ignacio Cazorla-Piñar , Juan P. Dominguez-Morales , Fernando Perez-Peña

Understanding the quality of a performance evaluation metric is crucial for ensuring that model outputs align with human preferences. However, it remains unclear how well each metric captures the diverse aspects of these preferences, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Genta Indra Winata , David Anugraha , Lucky Susanto , Garry Kuwanto , Derry Tanti Wijaya

In order to identify expertise, forecasters should not be tested by their calibration score, which can always be made arbitrarily small, but rather by their Brier score. The Brier score is the sum of the calibration score and the refinement…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-20 Dean P. Foster , Sergiu Hart

Predictors map individual instances in a population to the interval $[0,1]$. For a collection $\mathcal C$ of subsets of a population, a predictor is multi-calibrated with respect to $\mathcal C$ if it is simultaneously calibrated on each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Maya Burhanpurkar , Zhun Deng , Cynthia Dwork , Linjun Zhang

AI predictive systems are increasingly embedded in decision making pipelines, shaping high stakes choices once made solely by humans. Yet robust decisions under uncertainty still rely on capabilities that current AI lacks: domain knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sima Noorani , Shayan Kiyani , George Pappas , Hamed Hassani

Unbiased confidence estimates of neural networks are crucial especially for safety-critical applications. Many methods have been developed to calibrate biased confidence estimates. Though there is a variety of methods for classification,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Fabian Küppers , Jan Kronenberger , Amirhossein Shantia , Anselm Haselhoff

Trust is a crucial factor affecting the adoption of machine learning (ML) models. Qualitative studies have revealed that end-users, particularly in the medical domain, need models that can express their uncertainty in decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Andrew Houston , Georgina Cosma

Supervised machine learning assumes that labeled data provide accurate measurements of the concepts models are meant to learn. Yet in practice, human labeling introduces systematic variation arising from ambiguous items, divergent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Robert Chew , Stephanie Eckman , Christoph Kern , Frauke Kreuter

Safety-critical prediction systems, such as autonomous vehicles, weather forecasters, and medical monitors, commonly rely on probabilistic forecasters. These forecasters make predictions about possible future outcomes, and their quality and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-30 Romeo Valentin

As machine learning informs increasingly consequential decisions, different metrics have been proposed for measuring algorithmic bias or unfairness. Two popular fairness measures are calibration and equality of false positive rate. Each…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Robert Long

In legal decisions, split votes (SV) occur when judges cannot reach a unanimous decision, posing a difficulty for lawyers who must navigate diverse legal arguments and opinions. In high-stakes domains, understanding the alignment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Shanshan Xu , T. Y. S. S Santosh , Oana Ichim , Barbara Plank , Matthias Grabmair

AI generated predictions increasingly inform decision making in critical tasks, and therefore must be trustworthy. One widely used measure of trustworthiness is calibration, which requires that the predictions match the true frequencies and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Konstantina Bairaktari , Lunjia Hu , Huy L. Nguyen , Jonathan Ullman

Sequence generation models are increasingly being used to translate natural language into programs, i.e. to perform executable semantic parsing. The fact that semantic parsing aims to predict programs that can lead to executed actions in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Elias Stengel-Eskin , Benjamin Van Durme

An increasingly common use case for machine learning models is augmenting the abilities of human decision makers. For classification tasks where neither the human or model are perfectly accurate, a key step in obtaining high performance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Gavin Kerrigan , Padhraic Smyth , Mark Steyvers

Miscalibration in deep learning refers to there is a discrepancy between the predicted confidence and performance. This problem usually arises due to the overfitting problem, which is characterized by learning everything presented in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zongbo Han , Yifeng Yang , Changqing Zhang , Linjun Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Qinghua Hu

Calibration parameters in deterministic computer experiments are those attributes that cannot be measured or available in physical experiments. Kennedy and O'Hagan \cite{kennedy2001bayesian} suggested an approach to estimate them by using…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-31 Rui Tuo , C. F. Jeff Wu

In many machine learning applications, it is important for the model to provide confidence scores that accurately capture its prediction uncertainty. Although modern learning methods have achieved great success in predictive accuracy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Linjun Zhang , Zhun Deng , Kenji Kawaguchi , James Zou

Every day, we judge the probability of propositions. When we communicate graded confidence (e.g. "I am 90% sure"), we enable others to gauge how much weight to attach to our judgment. Ideally, people should share their judgments to reach…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-10 Patrick Stinson , Jasper van den Bosch , Trenton Jerde , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte

Central to human-aligned AI is understanding the benefits of human-elicited labels over synthetic alternatives. While human soft-labels improve calibration by capturing uncertainty, prior studies conflate these benefits with the implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maja Pavlovic , Silviu Paun , Massimo Poesio