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Deep Learning (DL) techniques have achieved remarkable successes in recent years. However, their ability to generalize and execute reasoning tasks remains a challenge. A potential solution to this issue is Neuro-Symbolic Integration (NeSy),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Alessandro Daniele , Tommaso Campari , Sagar Malhotra , Luciano Serafini

In this paper, we introduce Neural Probabilistic Soft Logic (NeuPSL), a novel neuro-symbolic (NeSy) framework that unites state-of-the-art symbolic reasoning with the low-level perception of deep neural networks. To model the boundary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Connor Pryor , Charles Dickens , Eriq Augustine , Alon Albalak , William Wang , Lise Getoor

Background: The field of Artificial Intelligence has undergone cyclical periods of growth and decline, known as AI summers and winters. Currently, we are in the third AI summer, characterized by significant advancements and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Brandon C. Colelough , William Regli

Neurosymbolic AI (NeSy) aims to integrate the statistical strengths of neural networks with the interpretability and structure of symbolic reasoning. However, current NeSy frameworks like DeepProbLog enforce a fixed flow where symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Adem Kikaj , Giuseppe Marra , Floris Geerts , Robin Manhaeve , Luc De Raedt

The field of Neural-Symbolic (NeSy) systems is growing rapidly. Proposed approaches show great promise in achieving symbiotic unions of neural and symbolic methods. However, a unifying framework is needed to organize common NeSy modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Charles Dickens , Connor Pryor , Changyu Gao , Alon Albalak , Eriq Augustine , William Wang , Stephen Wright , Lise Getoor

Neural networks have been rapidly expanding in recent years, with novel strategies and applications. However, challenges such as interpretability, explainability, robustness, safety, trust, and sensibility remain unsolved in neural network…

Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging and quickly advancing field that combines the subsymbolic strengths of (deep) neural networks and explicit, symbolic knowledge contained in knowledge graphs to enhance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Aritran Piplai , Anantaa Kotal , Seyedreza Mohseni , Manas Gaur , Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence is a novel area of AI research which seeks to combine traditional rules-based AI approaches with modern deep learning techniques. Neuro-symbolic models have already demonstrated the capability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zachary Susskind , Bryce Arden , Lizy K. John , Patrick Stockton , Eugene B. John

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results across various tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. Developing AI systems with strong reasoning capabilities is regarded as a crucial milestone in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiao-Wen Yang , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Bo-Wen Zhang , Zhi Zhou , Lin-Han Jia , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yu-Feng Li

Knowledge graph reasoning is pivotal in various domains such as data mining, artificial intelligence, the Web, and social sciences. These knowledge graphs function as comprehensive repositories of human knowledge, facilitating the inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Lihui Liu , Zihao Wang , Hanghang Tong

Neurosymbolic AI is an increasingly active area of research that combines symbolic reasoning methods with deep learning to leverage their complementary benefits. As knowledge graphs are becoming a popular way to represent heterogeneous and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Lauren Nicole DeLong , Ramon Fernández Mir , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Neuro-Symbolic (NeSy) integration combines symbolic reasoning with Neural Networks (NNs) for tasks requiring perception and reasoning. Most NeSy systems rely on continuous relaxation of logical knowledge, and no discrete decisions are made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Alessandro Daniele , Tommaso Campari , Sagar Malhotra , Luciano Serafini

Sequential problems are ubiquitous in AI, such as in reinforcement learning or natural language processing. State-of-the-art deep sequential models, like transformers, excel in these settings but fail to guarantee the satisfaction of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Lennert De Smet , Gabriele Venturato , Luc De Raedt , Giuseppe Marra

The remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), primarily driven by deep neural networks, are facing challenges surrounding unsustainable computational trajectories, limited robustness, and a lack of explainability. To develop…

Neurosymbolic AI deals with models that combine symbolic processing, like classic AI, and neural networks, as it's a very established area. These models are emerging as an effort toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) by both…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Wandemberg Gibaut , Leonardo Pereira , Fabio Grassiotto , Alexandre Osorio , Eder Gadioli , Amparo Munoz , Sildolfo Gomes , Claudio dos Santos

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence -- the combination of symbolic methods with methods that are based on artificial neural networks -- has a long-standing history. In this article, we provide a structured overview of current trends, by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Md Kamruzzaman Sarker , Lu Zhou , Aaron Eberhart , Pascal Hitzler

In recent years, the Neurosymbolic framework has attracted a lot of attention in various applications, from recommender systems and information retrieval to healthcare and finance. This success is due to its stellar performance combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Djallel Bouneffouf , Charu C. Aggarwal

Neural-symbolic AI (NeSy) allows neural networks to exploit symbolic background knowledge in the form of logic. It has been shown to aid learning in the limited data regime and to facilitate inference on out-of-distribution data.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Lennert De Smet , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Robin Manhaeve , Giuseppe Marra , Angelika Kimmig , Luc De Raedt

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown to be amongst the most important artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in educational applications, providing adaptive educational services. However, their educational potential is limited in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Danial Hooshyar , Roger Azevedo , Yeongwook Yang