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Motivated by the problem of determining the atomic structure of macromolecules using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we study the sample and computational complexities of the sparse multi-reference alignment (MRA) model:…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Tamir Bendory , Oscar Mickelin , Amit Singer

The growing role of data-driven approaches to scientific discovery has unveiled a large class of models that involve latent transformations with a rigid algebraic constraint. Three-dimensional molecule reconstruction in Cryo-Electron…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Amelia Perry , Jonathan Weed , Afonso S. Bandeira , Philippe Rigollet , Amit Singer

Motivated by cutting-edge applications like cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), the Multi-Reference Alignment (MRA) model entails the learning of an unknown signal from repeated measurements of its images under the latent action of a group…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-11 Subhro Ghosh , Philippe Rigollet

The Multi-Reference Alignment (MRA) problem aims at the recovery of an unknown signal from repeated observations under the latent action of a group of cyclic isometries, in the presence of additive noise of high intensity $\sigma$. It is a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Subhro Ghosh , Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee , Jing Bin Pan

Multireference alignment (MRA) refers to the problem of recovering a signal from noisy samples subject to random circular shifts. Expectation--maximization (EM) and variational approaches use statistical modeling to achieve high accuracy at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Vahid Shahverdi , Emanuel Ström , Joakim Andén

This work studies the sample complexity of the multi-target detection (MTD) problem, which involves recovering a signal from a noisy measurement containing multiple instances of a target signal in unknown locations, each transformed by a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Amnon Balanov , Shay Kreymer , Tamir Bendory

The multi-reference alignment (MRA) problem involves reconstructing a signal from multiple noisy observations, each transformed by a random group element. In this paper, we focus on the group \(\mathrm{SO}(2)\) of in-plane rotations and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Gil Drozatz , Tamir Bendory , Nir Sharon

Motivated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, multi-reference alignment (MRA) models the task of recovering an unknown signal from multiple noisy observations corrupted by random rotations. The standard approach,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Shay Kreymer , Amnon Balanov , Tamir Bendory

Motivated by structural biology applications, we study the projected multi-reference alignment (MRA) model, in which an unknown signal is observed through noisy samples, each generated by applying a random cyclic shift followed by a fixed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Amnon Balanov , Josh Katz , Tamir Bendory , Dan Edidin

Multireference alignment (MRA) is the problem of estimating a signal from many noisy and cyclically shifted copies of itself. In this paper, we consider an extension called heterogeneous MRA, where $K$ signals must be estimated, and each…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Nicolas Boumal , Tamir Bendory , Roy R. Lederman , Amit Singer

Multireference alignment (MRA) problem is to estimate an underlying signal from a large number of noisy circularly-shifted observations. The existing methods are always proposed under the hypothesis of a single Gaussian noise. However, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-23 Cuicui Zhao , Jun Liu , Xinqi Gong

The multi-reference alignment (MRA) problem entails estimating an image from multiple noisy and rotated copies of itself. If the noise level is low, one can reconstruct the image by estimating the missing rotations, aligning the images, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-17 Noam Janco , Tamir Bendory

Multi-reference alignment entails estimating a signal in $\mathbb{R}^L$ from its circularly-shifted and noisy copies. This problem has been studied thoroughly in recent years, focusing on the finite-dimensional setting (fixed $L$).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Elad Romanov , Tamir Bendory , Or Ordentlich

The number of noisy images required for molecular reconstruction in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is governed by the autocorrelations of the observed, randomly-oriented, noisy projection images. In this work, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Tamir Bendory , Yuehaw Khoo , Joe Kileel , Oscar Mickelin , Amit Singer

Motivated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we study the sample complexity of the multi-target detection (MTD) problem, in which an unknown signal appears multiple times at unknown locations within a long, noisy observation. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Kweku Abraham , Amnon Balanov , Tamir Bendory , Carlos Esteve-Yagüe

This paper studies the application of the generalized method of moments (GMM) to multi-reference alignment (MRA): the problem of estimating a signal from its circularly-translated and noisy copies. We begin by proving that the GMM estimator…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-06 Asaf Abas , Tamir Bendory , Nir Sharon

We study the multi-reference alignment (MRA) problem of recovering a signal from noisy observations acted on by unknown random circular shifts. While the information-theoretic limits of MRA are well characterized in many settings, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Amnon Balanov , Wasim Huleihel , Tamir Bendory

In the multireference alignment model, a signal is observed by the action of a random circular translation and the addition of Gaussian noise. The goal is to recover the signal's orbit by accessing multiple independent observations. Of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Emmanuel Abbe , Tamir Bendory , William Leeb , João Pereira , Nir Sharon , Amit Singer

Motivated by the task of 2-D classification in single particle reconstruction by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we consider the problem of heterogeneous multireference alignment of images. In this problem, the goal is to estimate a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-03 Chao Ma , Tamir Bendory , Nicolas Boumal , Fred Sigworth , Amit Singer

We consider the problem of estimating a signal from noisy circularly-translated versions of itself, called multireference alignment (MRA). One natural approach to MRA could be to estimate the shifts of the observations first, and infer the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Tamir Bendory , Nicolas Boumal , Chao Ma , Zhizhen Zhao , Amit Singer
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