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Motivated by the discovery of the non-thermal Fermi bubble features both below and above the Galactic plane, we investigate a scenario in which these bubbles are formed through Galacto-centric outflow. Cosmic rays (CR) both diffusing and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-11 Andrew M. Taylor , Gwenael Giacinti

Cosmic rays (CRs) are thought to play an important role in galaxy evolution. We study their effect when coupled to other important sources of feedback, namely supernovae and stellar radiation, by including CR anisotropic diffusion and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-05-27 Marion Farcy , Joakim Rosdahl , Yohan Dubois , Jérémy Blaizot , Sergio Martin-Alvarez

We present the results obtained from linear stability analysis and 2.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the magnetorotational instability (MRI), including the effects of cosmic rays (CRs). We took into account of the CR…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-17 Takuhito Kuwabara , Chung-Ming Ko

We investigate how cosmic ray (CR) transport in molecular clouds and their substructures can be probed using multi-wavelength observations. The detailed microphysics regulating the penetration and coupling of CRs in dense molecular…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Hayden P. H. Ng , Ellis R. Owen , Naomi Tsuji , Szu-Ting Chen

Recent advances on gamma-ray observations from SuperNova Remnants and Molecular Clouds offer the possibility to study in detail the properties of the propagation of escaping Cosmic Rays (CR). However, a complete theory for CR transport…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-09 Lara Nava , Stefano Gabici , Alexandre Marcowith , Giovanni Morlino , Vladimir Ptuskin

An exact turbulence universal scaling law-8/3 for the density fluctuations of cosmic ray (CR) is obtained on the basis of a new analytical compressible turbulence theory and known two-fluid model of the CR dynamics. It is shown that the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-11 Artem S. Chefranov , Sergey G. Chefranov , Georgy S. Golitsyn

The diffusion of astrophysical magnetic fields in conducting fluids in the presence of turbulence depends on whether magnetic fields can change their topology or reconnect in highly conducting media. Recent progress in understanding fast…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-03-16 A. Lazarian , R. Santos-Lima , E. Gouveia Dal Pino

We investigate the impact of cosmic rays (CRs) on the circumgalactic medium (CGM) in FIRE-2 simulations, for ultra-faint dwarf through Milky Way (MW)-mass halos hosting star-forming (SF) galaxies. Our CR treatment includes injection by…

Cosmic rays (CRs) interact with turbulent magnetic fields in the intestellar medium, generating nonthermal emission. After many decades of studies, the theoretical understanding of their diffusion in the ISM continues to pose a challenge.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-15 Lucas Barreto-Mota , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , Siyao Xu , Alexandre Lazarian

Cosmic rays (CRs) play a major role in the dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM). Their interactions and transport ionize, heat, and push the ISM thereby coupling different regions of it. The spatial distribution of CRs depends on the…

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an important energy source in the circum-galactic medium (CGM) that impact the multi-phase gas structure and dynamics. We perform two-dimensional CR-magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the role of CRs in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-14 Xiaoshan Huang , Yan-fei Jiang , Shane W. Davis

Recent observations of the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission by the Fermi-LAT satellite have shown significant deviations from models which assume the same diffusion properties for cosmic rays (CR) throughout the Galaxy. We explore the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-17 G. Morlino , M. D'Angelo , P. Blasi , E. Amato

Recent advances in both the MHD turbulence theory and cosmic ray observations call for revisions in the paradigm of cosmic ray transport. We use the models of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence that were tested in numerical simulation, in which…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-12-02 Huirong Yan , Siyao Xu

Understanding cosmic ray (CR) diffusion in a partially ionized medium is both crucial and challenging. In this study, we investigate CR perpendicular superdiffusion and parallel transport in turbulent, partially ionized media using…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-09 Yue Hu , Siyao Xu , Alex Lazarian , James M. Stone , Philip F. Hopkins

We study the diffuse X-ray luminosity ($L_X$) of star forming galaxies using 2-D axisymmetric hydrodynamical simulations and analytical considerations of supernovae (SNe) driven galactic outflows. We find that the mass loading of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-02-17 Kartick C. Sarkar , Biman B. Nath , Prateek Sharma , Yuri Shchekinov

Context: Diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission from cosmic ray (CR) protons scattering off the gas in the intracluster and intergalactic medium (ICM and IGM) remains out of reach for current observations. Detecting this emission would provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-20 Ludwig M. Böss , Ildar Khabibullin , Daniel Karner , Klaus Dolag , Ulrich P. Steinwandel , Elena Hernandez-Martinez , Jenny G. Sorce

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an integral component of the interstellar medium, producing broadband emission while interacting with other Galactic matter components like the interstellar gas or magnetic fields. In addition to observations,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-12 Julia Thaler , Ralf Kissmann , Olaf Reimer

Diffuse gamma-ray emission is a key tracer of cosmic rays (CRs) in galaxies, encoding information about their transport, energetics, and interactions with the interstellar medium. Interpreting the Milky Way gamma-ray sky is challenging…

Cosmic rays (CRs) with ~GeV energies can contribute significantly to the energy and pressure budget in the interstellar, circumgalactic, and intergalactic medium (ISM, CGM, IGM). Recent cosmological simulations have begun to explore these…

Recent years have seen many arguments for cosmic rays (CRs) as an important influence on galactic and circumgalactic (CGM) physics, star and galaxy formation. We present a pedagogical overview of state-of-the-art modeling of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-11 Philip F. Hopkins