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When graduates of computing degree programs enter the software industry, they will most likely join teams working on legacy code bases developed by people other than themselves. In these so-called brownfield software development settings,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Md Istiak Hossain Shihab , Christopher Hundhausen , Ahsun Tariq , Summit Haque , Yunhan Qiao , Brian Mulanda

With the advent of AI-based coding engines, it is possible to convert natural language requirements to executable code in standard programming languages. However, AI-generated code can be unreliable, and the natural language requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Martin Mirchev , Andreea Costea , Abhishek Kr Singh , Abhik Roychoudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT have become popular among programming students. Students use LLMs to assist them in programming courses, including generating source code. Previous work has evaluated the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Emir Catir , Robin Claesson , Rodothea Myrsini Tsoupidi

This article explores the natural language generation capabilities of large language models with application to the production of two types of learning resources common in programming courses. Using OpenAI Codex as the large language model,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Sami Sarsa , Paul Denny , Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into daily life, particularly through chatbots utilizing natural language processing (NLP), presents both revolutionary potential and unique challenges. This intended to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Gian Alexandre Michaelsen , Renato P. dos Santos

This paper aims to explore fundamental questions in the era when AI coding assistants like GitHub Copilot are widely adopted: what do developers truly value and criticize in AI coding assistants, and what does this reveal about their needs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yunbo Lyu , Zhou Yang , Jieke Shi , Jianming Chang , Yue Liu , David Lo

Context. AI-based development tools, such as GitHub Copilot, are transforming the software development process by offering real-time code suggestions. These tools promise to improve the productivity by reducing cognitive load and speeding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Emanuela Guglielmi , Venera Arnoudova , Gabriele Bavota , Rocco Oliveto , Simone Scalabrino

The recent, widespread availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot may impact introductory programming courses (CS1) both in terms of what should be taught and how to teach it. Indeed, recent research has…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Annapurna Vadaparty , Daniel Zingaro , David H. Smith , Mounika Padala , Christine Alvarado , Jamie Gorson Benario , Leo Porter

The software engineering community recently has witnessed widespread deployment of AI programming assistants, such as GitHub Copilot. However, in practice, developers do not accept AI programming assistants' initial suggestions at a high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Jenny T. Liang , Chenyang Yang , Brad A. Myers

Recent leaps in large language models (LLMs) caused a revolution in programming tools (like GitHub Copilot) that can help with code generation, debugging, and even performance optimization. In this paper, we focus on the capabilities of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Matyáš Brabec , Jiří Klepl , Michal Töpfer , Martin Kruliš

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature concerning the utilization of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, with a particular focus on transformer-based large language models (LLMs) trained using Big Code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Man Fai Wong , Shangxin Guo , Ching Nam Hang , Siu Wai Ho , Chee Wei Tan

Recent years have seen the development of LLM-based code generation. Compared to generating code in a software project, incremental code edits are empirically observed to be more frequent. The emerging code editing approaches usually…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Chenyan Liu , Yufan Cai , Yun Lin , Yuhuan Huang , Yunrui Pei , Bo Jiang , Ping Yang , Jin Song Dong , Hong Mei

Prompt engineering is a technique that involves augmenting a large pre-trained model with task-specific hints, known as prompts, to adapt the model to new tasks. Prompts can be created manually as natural language instructions or generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Jindong Gu , Zhen Han , Shuo Chen , Ahmad Beirami , Bailan He , Gengyuan Zhang , Ruotong Liao , Yao Qin , Volker Tresp , Philip Torr

In computer science, students are encouraged to learn various programming languages such as Python, C++, and Java, equipping them with a broad range of technical skills and problem-solving capabilities. Nevertheless, the design of objective…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jongwook Si , Sungyoung Kim

With the growing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they are increasingly applied in areas like intelligent customer service, code generation, and knowledge management. Natural language (NL) prompts act as the ``APIs'' for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhenchang Xing , Yang Liu , Zhuo Cheng , Qing Huang , Dehai Zhao , Daniel Sun , Chenhua Liu

Creative coding platforms like Scratch have democratized programming for children, yet translating imaginative ideas into functional code remains a significant hurdle for many young learners. While AI copilots assist adult programmers, few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Stefania Druga , Amy J. Ko

The study on GitHub Copilot by GovTech Singapore's Engineering Productivity Programme (EPP) reveals significant potential for AI Code Assistant tools to boost developer productivity and improve application quality in the public sector.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kevin KB Ng , Liyana Fauzi , Leon Leow , Jaren Ng

Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models have revolutionized content creation but remain highly sensitive to prompt phrasing, often requiring users to repeatedly refine prompts multiple times without clear feedback. While techniques such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Chieh-Yun Chen , Min Shi , Gong Zhang , Humphrey Shi

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and Codex, now enable software developers to generate code based on a natural language prompt. Within computer science education, researchers are exploring the potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Stephen MacNeil , Andrew Tran , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Joanne Kim , Arto Hellas , Seth Bernstein , Sami Sarsa

The growing integration of AI tools in software development, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, has revolutionized how developers approach coding tasks. However, achieving high-quality code often requires iterative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sophia DiCuffa , Amanda Zambrana , Priyanshi Yadav , Sashidhar Madiraju , Khushi Suman , Eman Abdullah AlOmar
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