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Neural scaling laws describe how model performance improves as a power law with size, but existing work focuses on models above 100M parameters. The sub-20M regime -- where TinyML and edge AI operate -- remains unexamined. We train 90…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammed Alnemari , Rizwan Qureshi , Nader Begrazadah

Running faster will only get you so far -- it is generally advisable to first understand where the roads lead, then get a car ... The renaissance of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) over the last decade is accompanied by an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Jonathan S. Rosenfeld

A novel model called error loss network (ELN) is proposed to build an error loss function for supervised learning. The ELN is in structure similar to a radial basis function (RBF) neural network, but its input is an error sample and output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Badong Chen , Yunfei Zheng , Pengju Ren

Hyperparameter optimization is an important subfield of machine learning that focuses on tuning the hyperparameters of a chosen algorithm to achieve peak performance. Recently, there has been a stream of methods that tackle the issue of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Arlind Kadra , Maciej Janowski , Martin Wistuba , Josif Grabocka

The scaling laws guiding modern model training were calibrated for a single regime: data-rich, single-epoch pretraining. The dominant such scaling law form, Chinchilla's $L = E + A/N^\alpha + B/D^\beta$, has three structural limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Christopher M. Bryant , Hao Liu

Machine Learning (ML) has deeply changed some fields recently, like Language and Vision and we may expect it to be relevant also to the analysis of of complex systems. Here we want to tackle the question of how and to which extent can one…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-02 Anaclara Alvez-Canepa , Cyril Furtlehner , François Landes

What scaling limits govern neural network training dynamics when model size and training time grow in tandem? We show that despite the complex interactions between architecture, training algorithms, and data, compute-optimally trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shikai Qiu , Lechao Xiao , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Jeffrey Pennington , Atish Agarwala

Deep graph models (e.g., graph neural networks and graph transformers) have become important techniques for leveraging knowledge across various types of graphs. Yet, the neural scaling laws on graphs, i.e., how the performance of deep graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jingzhe Liu , Haitao Mao , Zhikai Chen , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Jiliang Tang

Large neural networks are typically trained for a fixed computational budget, creating a rigid trade-off between performance and efficiency that is ill-suited for deployment in resource-constrained or dynamic environments. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Paulius Rauba , Mihaela van der Schaar

Deep neural networks have attained remarkable success across diverse classification tasks. Recent empirical studies have shown that deep networks learn features that are linearly separable across classes. However, these findings often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Alec S. Xu , Can Yaras , Peng Wang , Qing Qu

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is prohibitively expensive, creating a critical scaling gap where insights from small-scale experiments often fail to transfer to resource-intensive production systems, thereby hindering efficient…

We introduce a model for neural scaling laws under sparse activations. In the model, test loss is often dominated by rare coordinates that are never observed in the training input. This mechanism induces a novel bottleneck absent from dense…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 John Sous , Michael Winer

Neural scaling laws have become foundational for optimizing large language model (LLM) training, yet they typically assume a single dense model output. This limitation effectively overlooks "Familial models, a transformative paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Huan Song , Qingfei Zhao , Ting Long , Shuyu Tian , Hongjun An , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Brain-wide recordings of large-scale networks of neurons now provide an unprecedented view into how the brain drives behavior. However, brain activity contains both information directly related to behavior as well as the potential for many…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-06 Eva Yezerets , En Yang , Misha B. Ahrens , Adam S. Charles

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved significant breakthroughs in various tasks. However, most DRL algorithms suffer a problem of generalizing the learned policy which makes the learning performance largely affected even by minor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Zhengyao Jiang , Shan Luo

Neural scaling laws suggest that the test error of large language models trained online decreases polynomially as the model size and data size increase. However, such scaling can be unsustainable when running out of new data. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Licong Lin , Jingfeng Wu , Peter L. Bartlett

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in a wide range of tasks, leading to increasing attention towards the research on how scaling LLMs affects their performance. Existing works, termed Scaling Laws, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yizhe Xiong , Xiansheng Chen , Xin Ye , Hui Chen , Zijia Lin , Haoran Lian , Zhenpeng Su , Wei Huang , Jianwei Niu , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

The remarkable performance of overparameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) must arise from an interplay between network architecture, training algorithms, and structure in the data. To disentangle these three components, we apply a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Chris Mingard , Henry Rees , Guillermo Valle-Pérez , Ard A. Louis

We show that the error of iteratively magnitude-pruned networks empirically follows a scaling law with interpretable coefficients that depend on the architecture and task. We functionally approximate the error of the pruned networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jonathan S. Rosenfeld , Jonathan Frankle , Michael Carbin , Nir Shavit

Scaling up neural models has yielded significant advancements in a wide array of tasks, particularly in language generation. Previous studies have found that the performance of neural models frequently adheres to predictable scaling laws,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yan Fang , Jingtao Zhan , Qingyao Ai , Jiaxin Mao , Weihang Su , Jia Chen , Yiqun Liu