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As a fundamental visual attribute, image complexity significantly influences both human perception and the performance of computer vision models. However, accurately assessing and quantifying image complexity remains a challenging task. (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Shipeng Liu , Liang Zhao , Dengfeng Chen

Due to the lack of paired samples and the low signal-to-noise ratio of functional MRI (fMRI) signals, reconstructing perceived natural images or decoding their semantic contents from fMRI data are challenging tasks. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yulong Liu , Yongqiang Ma , Wei Zhou , Guibo Zhu , Nanning Zheng

Learning with Noisy labels (LNL) poses a significant challenge for the Machine Learning community. Some of the most widely used approaches that select as clean samples for which the model itself (the in-training model) has high confidence,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Chen Feng , Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Ioannis Patras

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has significantly boosted the performance of various vision-language tasks by scaling up the dataset with image-text pairs collected from the web. However, the presence of intrinsic noise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Kaicheng Yang , Jiankang Deng , Xiang An , Jiawei Li , Ziyong Feng , Jia Guo , Jing Yang , Tongliang Liu

Trained classification models can unintentionally lead to biased representations and predictions, which can reinforce societal preconceptions and stereotypes. Existing debiasing methods for classification models, such as adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Aili Shen , Xudong Han , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin , Lea Frermann

Treating texts as images, combining prompts with textual labels for prompt tuning, and leveraging the alignment properties of CLIP have been successfully applied in zero-shot multi-label image recognition. Nonetheless, relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Haonan Xu , Dian Chao , Xiangyu Wu , Zhonghua Wan , Yang Yang

We propose CLIP-Lite, an information efficient method for visual representation learning by feature alignment with textual annotations. Compared to the previously proposed CLIP model, CLIP-Lite requires only one negative image-text sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Aman Shrivastava , Ramprasaath R. Selvaraju , Nikhil Naik , Vicente Ordonez

Pretrained text encoders, such as BERT, have been applied increasingly in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, and have recently demonstrated significant performance gains. However, recent studies have demonstrated the existence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Pengyu Cheng , Weituo Hao , Siyang Yuan , Shijing Si , Lawrence Carin

Multilingual vision-language models (VLMs) promise universal image-text retrieval, yet their social biases remain underexplored. We perform the first systematic audit of four public multilingual CLIP variants: M-CLIP, NLLB-CLIP,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zahraa Al Sahili , Ioannis Patras , Matthew Purver

Text-to-image diffusion models, which are theoretically equivalent to score-based generative models, generate images through a multi-step denoising process guided by text embeddings extracted from pretrained vision-language models such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Seung Hyuk Lee , Songkuk Kim

We present Distill CLIP (DCLIP), a fine-tuned variant of the CLIP model that enhances multimodal image-text retrieval while preserving the original model's strong zero-shot classification capabilities. CLIP models are typically constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Daniel Csizmadia , Andrei Codreanu , Victor Sim , Vighnesh Prabhu , Michael Lu , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), a simple yet effective pre-training paradigm, successfully introduces text supervision to vision models. It has shown promising results across various tasks due to its generalizability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Zihao Zhao , Yuxiao Liu , Han Wu , Mei Wang , Yonghao Li , Sheng Wang , Lin Teng , Disheng Liu , Zhiming Cui , Qian Wang , Dinggang Shen

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP are trained via contrastive learning between text and image pairs, resulting in aligned image and text embeddings that are useful for many downstream tasks. A notable drawback of CLIP, however, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dylan Sam , Devin Willmott , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

Despite their impressive zero-shot abilities, vision-language models such as CLIP have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial attacks. To enhance its adversarial robustness, recent studies finetune the pretrained vision encoder of CLIP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Songlong Xing , Weijie Wang , Zhengyu Zhao , Jindong Gu , Philip Torr , Nicu Sebe

Deep learning based visual-linguistic multimodal models such as Contrastive Language Image Pre-training (CLIP) have become increasingly popular recently and are used within text-to-image generative models such as DALL-E and Stable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Abhishek Mandal , Suzanne Little , Susan Leavy

Published research highlights the presence of demographic bias in automated facial attribute classification. The proposed bias mitigation techniques are mostly based on supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sreeraj Ramachandran , Ajita Rattani

Visual language models like Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) have shown impressive performance in analyzing natural images with language information. However, these models often encounter challenges when applied to specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jiaqing Zhang , Mingxiang Cao , Xue Yang , Kai Jiang , Yunsong Li

Self-supervised contrastive learning models, such as CLIP, have set new benchmarks for vision-language models in many downstream tasks. However, their dependency on rigid one-to-one mappings overlooks the complex and often multifaceted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yiming Zhang , Zhuokai Zhao , Zhaorun Chen , Zhili Feng , Zenghui Ding , Yining Sun

Vision Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP are powerful models; however they can exhibit unwanted biases, making them less safe when deployed directly in applications such as text-to-image, text-to-video retrievals, reverse search, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Salma Abdel Magid , Jui-Hsien Wang , Kushal Kafle , Hanspeter Pfister

Incidental supervision from language has become a popular approach for learning generic visual representations that can be prompted to perform many recognition tasks in computer vision. We conduct an in-depth exploration of the CLIP model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Sachit Menon , Ishaan Preetam Chandratreya , Carl Vondrick