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LiDAR-based 3D object detection has become an essential part of automated driving due to its ability to localize and classify objects precisely in 3D. However, object detectors face a critical challenge when dealing with unknown foreground…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Michael Kösel , Marcel Schreiber , Michael Ulrich , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

Robustness is a fundamental aspect for developing safe and trustworthy models, particularly when they are deployed in the open world. In this work we analyze the inherent capability of one-stage object detectors to robustly operate in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Aitor Martinez-Seras , Javier Del Ser , Aitzol Olivares-Rad , Alain Andres , Pablo Garcia-Bringas

To detect distribution shifts and improve model safety, many out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods rely on the predictive uncertainty or features of supervised models trained on in-distribution data. In this paper, we critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yucen Lily Li , Daohan Lu , Polina Kirichenko , Shikai Qiu , Tim G. J. Rudner , C. Bayan Bruss , Andrew Gordon Wilson

To classify in-distribution samples, deep neural networks explore strongly label-related information and discard weakly label-related information according to the information bottleneck. Out-of-distribution samples drawn from distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhilin Zhao , Longbing Cao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yifan Ding , Arturas Aleksandraus , Amirhossein Ahmadian , Jonas Unger , Fredrik Lindsten , Gabriel Eilertsen

Semantic segmentation models trained on known object classes often fail in real-world autonomous driving scenarios by confidently misclassifying unknown objects. While pixel-wise out-of-distribution detection can identify unknown objects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Marc Hölle , Walter Kellermann , Vasileios Belagiannis

In recent years deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems have attained superhuman performance in a number of challenging task domains. However, a major limitation of such applications is their demand for massive amounts of training data. A…

Consider the following instance of the Offline Meta Reinforcement Learning (OMRL) problem: given the complete training logs of $N$ conventional RL agents, trained on $N$ different tasks, design a meta-agent that can quickly maximize reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Ron Dorfman , Idan Shenfeld , Aviv Tamar

The dynamic allocation of spectrum in 5G / 6G networks is critical to efficient resource utilization. However, applying traditional deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is often infeasible due to its immense sample complexity and the safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Oluwaseyi Giwa , Tobi Awodunmila , Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin , Ahsan Bilal , Muhammad Ali Jamshed

Deploying machine learning in open environments presents the challenge of encountering diverse test inputs that differ significantly from the training data. These out-of-distribution samples may exhibit shifts in local or global features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jiawei Li , Sitong Li , Shanshan Wang , Yicheng Zeng , Falong Tan , Chuanlong Xie

As deep learning methods form a critical part in commercially important applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnostics, it is important to reliably detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs while employing these algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Apoorv Vyas , Nataraj Jammalamadaka , Xia Zhu , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul , Theodore L. Willke

Meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) is a promising framework for tackling challenging domains requiring efficient exploration. Existing meta-RL algorithms are characterized by low sample efficiency, and mostly focus on low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zohar Rimon , Tom Jurgenson , Orr Krupnik , Gilad Adler , Aviv Tamar

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection recently has drawn attention due to its critical role in the safe deployment of modern neural network architectures in real-world applications. The OOD detectors aim to distinguish samples that lie…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Sabri Mustafa Kahya , Muhammet Sami Yavuz , Eckehard Steinbach

Model-Free Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms either learn how to map states to expected rewards or search for policies that can maximize a certain performance function. Model-Based algorithms instead, aim to learn an approximation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Juan Cardenas-Cartagena , Massimiliano Falzari , Marco Zullich , Matthia Sabatelli

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

The inability of deep learning models to handle data drawn from unseen distributions has sparked much interest in unsupervised out-of-distribution (U-OOD) detection, as it is crucial for reliable deep learning models. Despite considerable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Lars Doorenbos , Raphael Sznitman , Pablo Márquez-Neila

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial for trustworthy AI in real-world applications. Leveraging recent advances in representation learning and latent embeddings, Various scoring algorithms estimate distributions beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

Meta-reinforcement learning (RL) addresses the problem of sample inefficiency in deep RL by using experience obtained in past tasks for a new task to be solved. However, most meta-RL methods require partially or fully on-policy data, i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Takahisa Imagawa , Takuya Hiraoka , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Demonstration-guided reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for learning complex behaviors by leveraging both reward feedback and a set of target task demonstrations. Prior approaches for demonstration-guided RL treat every new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Karl Pertsch , Youngwoon Lee , Yue Wu , Joseph J. Lim

Deep Learning models possess two key traits that, in combination, make their use in the real world a risky prospect. One, they do not typically generalize well outside of the distribution for which they were trained, and two, they tend to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Jonathan S. Kent , Bo Li
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