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We review a subset of the current tensions affecting the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, emphasizing the role of chronic systematics and significance inflation in shaping their interpretation. As a unifying framework, we consider…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-02 Valerio Marra

With the emersion of precise cosmology and the emergence of cosmic tensions, we are faced with the question of whether the simple model of cold dark matter needs to be extended and whether doing so can alleviate the tensions and improve our…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-18 Parisa Arabameri , Zahra Davari , Nima Khosravi

It has long been known that the sharpened tension between the observed and inferred values of the Hubble constant $H_0$ can be alleviated if a fraction of dark matter particles of type $\chi$ were produced non-thermally in association with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-01 Luis A. Anchordoqui

Decaying Dark Energy models modify the background evolution of the most common observables, such as the Hubble function, the luminosity distance and the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature-redshift scaling relation. We use the most…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-05 Ivan de Martino

The increasingly significant tensions within $\Lambda$CDM, combined with the lack of detection of dark matter (DM) in laboratory experiments, have boosted interest in non-minimal dark sectors, which are theoretically well-motivated and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 Niklas Becker , Deanna C. Hooper , Felix Kahlhoefer , Julien Lesgourgues , Nils Schöneberg

No experimental test precludes the possibility that the dark matter experiences forces beyond general relativity -- in fact, a variety of cosmic microwave background observations suggest greater late-time structure than predicted in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Marco Costa , Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski , Olivier Simon , Zachary J. Weiner

Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background power spectra find a lower value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ and a higher value of the fractional matter energy density $\Omega_{m0}$ for the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model, and these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-01 Qing Gao , Yungui Gong

A dark radiation term arises as a correction to the energy momentum tensor in the simplest five-dimensional RS-II brane-world cosmology. In this paper we revisit the constraints on dark radiation based upon the newest results for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-08 Nishanth Sasankan , Mayukh R. Gangopadhyay , Grant J. Mathews , Motohiko Kusakabe

Thermal friction offers a promising solution to the Hubble and the large-scale structure (LSS) tensions. This additional friction acts on a scalar field in the early universe and extracts its energy density into dark radiation, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-29 Kim V. Berghaus , Tanvi Karwal

Models of dark energy or modified gravity that tries to alleviate the tensions on the Hubble constant ($H_0$) and the matter fluctuation parameter ($\sigma_8$) are usually parameterized as function of either late or early time cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-05 Ziad Sakr

In this work we study the consequences of allowing non pressureless dark matter when determining dark energy constraints. We show that present-day dark energy constraints from low-redshift probes are extremely degraded when allowing this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 Isaac Tutusaus , Brahim Lamine , Alain Blanchard

We investigate the scenario of interacting dark energy through a detailed confrontation with various observational datasets. We quantify the interaction in a general way, through the deviation from the standard scaling of the dark matter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Supriya Pan , Sivasish Paul , Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Weiqiang Yang

We consider theories where dark matter is composed of a thermal relic of weak scale mass, whose couplings to the Standard Model (SM) are however too small to give rise to the observed abundance. Instead, the abundance is set by annihilation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-01-18 Zackaria Chacko , Yanou Cui , Sungwoo Hong , Takemichi Okui

The annihilation or decay of Dark Matter (DM) particles could affect the thermal history of the universe and leave an observable signature in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. We update constraints on the annihilation rate of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Gaelle Giesen , Julien Lesgourgues , Benjamin Audren , Yacine Ali-Haïmoud

After numerous astronomical and experimental searches, the precise particle nature of dark matter is still unknown. The standard Weakly Interacting Massive Particle(WIMP) dark matter, despite successfully explaining the large-scale features…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-10 Abir Sarkar , Shiv K. Sethi , Subinoy Das

Given the persistence of various tensions in the "Cosmic Concordance" -- such as the "Hubble Tension", and possible departures from LambdaCDM time evolution -- seen from combinations of complementary data sets (e.g., Cosmic Microwave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-19 Brett Bochner , Aiden Jin

The standard paradigm of collisionless cold dark matter is in tension with measurements on large scales. In particular, the best fit values of the Hubble rate $H_0$ and the matter density perturbation $\sigma_8$ inferred from the cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-10 Zackaria Chacko , Yanou Cui , Sungwoo Hong , Takemichi Okui , Yuhsin Tsai

In this work, we first discuss the possibility that dark energy models with negative energy density values in the past can alleviate the $H_0$ tension, as well as the discrepancy with the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) Lyman-$\alpha$…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-09 Giovanni Acquaviva , Ozgur Akarsu , Nihan Katirci , J. Alberto Vazquez

Over the last decade, warm dark matter (WDM) has been repeatedly proposed as an alternative scenario to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) one, potentially resolving several disagreements between the CDM model and observations on small…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Aurel Schneider , Donnino Anderhalden , Andrea Maccio , Juerg Diemand

It has been shown by many independent studies that the cold dark matter scenario produces singular galactic dark halos, in strong contrast with observations. Possible remedies are that either the dark matter is warm so that it has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Steen Hannestad , Robert J. Scherrer