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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in recent years but are fundamentally limited by the underlying training data. To improve models beyond the training data, recent works have explored how LLMs can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Vighnesh Subramaniam , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Antonio Torralba , Shuang Li , Igor Mordatch

Machine learning models are prone to capturing the spurious correlations between non-causal attributes and classes, with counterfactual data augmentation being a promising direction for breaking these spurious associations. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Xiaoling Zhou , Ou Wu , Michael K. Ng

Majority of the modern meta-learning methods for few-shot classification tasks operate in two phases: a meta-training phase where the meta-learner learns a generic representation by solving multiple few-shot tasks sampled from a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Qing Liu , Orchid Majumder , Alessandro Achille , Avinash Ravichandran , Rahul Bhotika , Stefano Soatto

Machine translation (MT) models used in industries with constantly changing topics, such as translation or news agencies, need to adapt to new data to maintain their performance over time. Our aim is to teach a pre-trained MT model to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Farid Arthaud , Rachel Bawden , Alexandra Birch

We address the challenge of optimizing meta-parameters (hyperparameters) in machine learning, a key factor for efficient training and high model performance. Rather than relying on expensive meta-parameter search methods, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Arsalan Sharifnassab , Saber Salehkaleybar , Richard Sutton

Deep learning's success has been attributed to the training of large, overparameterized models on massive amounts of data. As this trend continues, model training has become prohibitively costly, requiring access to powerful computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Ravi S Raju , Kyle Daruwalla , Mikko Lipasti

Catastrophic forgetting is one of the major challenges on the road for continual learning systems, which are presented with an on-line stream of tasks. The field has attracted considerable interest and a diverse set of methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Guy Oren , Lior Wolf

Curriculum learning helps language models tackle complex reasoning by gradually increasing task difficulty. However, it often fails to generate consistent step-by-step reasoning, especially in multilingual and low-resource settings where…

Fine-tuning large language models on new data improves task performance but degrades capabilities learned during pretraining, a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. Existing methods mitigate this by modifying the fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Parjanya Prajakta Prashant , Jiongli Zhu , Aldan Creo , Babak Salimi

Robust Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) is usually adopted to train a meta-model which may fast adapt to novel classes with only a few exemplars and meanwhile remain robust to adversarial attacks. The conventional solution for robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Xiaoyue Duan , Guoliang Kang , Runqi Wang , Shumin Han , Song Xue , Tian Wang , Baochang Zhang

Incremental gradient and incremental proximal methods are a fundamental class of optimization algorithms used for solving finite sum problems, broadly studied in the literature. Yet, without strong convexity, their convergence guarantees…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Xufeng Cai , Jelena Diakonikolas

Sequential recommender systems have recently achieved significant performance improvements with the exploitation of deep learning (DL) based methods. However, although various DL-based methods have been introduced, most of them only focus…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Joo-yeong Song , Bongwon Suh

Algorithm selection is commonly used to predict the best solver from a portfolio per per-instance. In many real scenarios, instances arrive in a stream: new instances become available over time, while the number of class labels can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mate Botond Nemeth , Emma Hart , Kevin Sim , Quentin Renau

Robust optimization (RO) is a common approach to tractably obtain safeguarding solutions for optimization problems with uncertain constraints. In this paper, we study a statistical framework to integrate data into RO, based on learning a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-03 L. Jeff Hong , Zhiyuan Huang , Henry Lam

Efforts towards endowing robots with the ability to speak have benefited from recent advancements in natural language processing, in particular large language models. However, current language models are not fully incremental, as their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Casey Kennington , Pierre Lison , David Schlangen

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou

Various techniques have been proposed to improve large language models (LLMs) adherence to formatting and instruction constraints. One of the most effective approaches involves utilizing high-quality data generated by powerful models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sihyun Park

The pretrained large language models (LLMs) are finetuned with labeled data for better instruction following ability and alignment with human values. In this paper, we study the learning dynamics of LLM finetuning on reasoning tasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhiwen Ruan , Yun Chen , Yutao Hou , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Continual learning methods used to force neural networks to process sequential tasks in isolation, preventing them from leveraging useful inter-task relationships and causing them to repeatedly relearn similar features or overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Hyung-Jun Moon , Sung-Bae Cho

The effectiveness of supervised learning techniques has made them ubiquitous in research and practice. In high-dimensional settings, supervised learning commonly relies on dimensionality reduction to improve performance and identify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Chang Liu , Bo Li , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Alina Oprea