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Replica exchange (REX) is one of the most widely used enhanced sampling methodologies, yet its efficiency is limited by the requirement for a large number of intermediate temperature replicas. Here we present Generative Replica Exchange…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-20 Shengjie Huang , Sijie Yang , Jianqiao Yi , Rui Zheng , Haocong Liao , Muzammal Hussain , Yaoquan Tu , Xiaoyun Lu , Yang Zhou

Normalizing flows can transform a simple prior probability distribution into a more complex target distribution. Here, we evaluate the ability and efficiency of generative machine learning methods to sample the Boltzmann distribution of an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-16 Gerhard Jung , Giulio Biroli , Ludovic Berthier

We discuss the possibility of implementing asynchronous replica-exchange (or parallel tempering) molecular dynamics. In our scheme, the exchange attempts are driven by asynchronous messages sent by one of the computing nodes, so that…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-23 Giovanni Bussi

Normalizing flows are a popular class of models for approximating probability distributions. However, their invertible nature limits their ability to model target distributions whose support have a complex topological structure, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-25 Vincent Stimper , Bernhard Schölkopf , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Normalizing flows are machine-learned maps between different lattice theories which can be used as components in exact sampling and inference schemes. Ongoing work yields increasingly expressive flows on gauge fields, but it remains an open…

Understanding the dynamics of complex molecular processes is often linked to the study of infrequent transitions between long-lived stable states. The standard approach to the sampling of such rare events is to generate an ensemble of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-22 Sebastian Falkner , Alessandro Coretti , Salvatore Romano , Phillip Geissler , Christoph Dellago

The replica exchange method is a powerful tool for overcoming slow relaxation in molecular simulations, but its efficiency depends strongly on the choice of the number and interval of replicas and their exchange probabilities. Here, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-04 Akie Kowaguchi , Katsuhiro Endo , Kentaro Nomura , Shuichi Kurabayashi , Paul E. Brumby , Kenji Yasuoka

Generative models are a promising tool to address the sampling problem in multi-body and condensed-matter systems in the framework of statistical mechanics. In this work, we show that normalizing flows can be used to learn a transformation…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Alessandro Coretti , Sebastian Falkner , Phillip Geissler , Christoph Dellago

Inference-time control of diffusion models aims to steer model outputs to satisfy new constraints without retraining. Previous approaches have mostly relied on heuristic guidance or have been coupled with Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) for…

We present a computational framework for efficient learning, sampling, and distribution of general Bayesian posterior distributions. The framework leverages a machine learning approach for the construction of normalizing flows for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Yukari Yamauchi , Landon Buskirk , Pablo Giuliani , Kyle Godbey

We study the dynamics of parallel tempering simulations, also known as the replica exchange technique, which has become the method of choice for simulation of proteins and other complex systems. Recent results for the optimal choice of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Walter Nadler , Ulrich H. E. Hansmann

Generalized ensemble methods such as Hamiltonian replica exchange (HREX) and expanded ensemble (EE) have been shown effective in free energy calculations for various contexts, given their ability to circumvent free energy barriers via…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-12 Wei-Tse Hsu , Michael R. Shirts

Normalizing flows are a class of generative models that enable exact likelihood evaluation. While these models have already found various applications in particle physics, normalizing flows are not flexible enough to model many of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-07 Rob Verheyen

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have found success by using powerful probabilistic models, such as transformers, energy-based models, and diffusion/flow-based models. To this end, RL researchers often choose to pay the price…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Raj Ghugare , Benjamin Eysenbach

We propose an expert-elicitation method for learning non-parametric joint prior distributions using normalizing flows. Normalizing flows are a class of generative models that enable exact, single-step density evaluation and can capture…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-22 Florence Bockting , Stefan T. Radev , Paul-Christian Bürkner

We investigate to what extend the replica-exchange Monte Carlo method is able to equilibrate a simple liquid in its supercooled state. We find that this method does indeed allow to generate accurately the canonical distribution function…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Ryoichi Yamamoto , Walter Kob

Generative models can have distinct mode of failures like mode dropping and low quality samples, which cannot be captured by a single scalar metric. To address this, recent works propose evaluating generative models using precision and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Alexandre Verine , Benjamin Negrevergne , Muni Sreenivas Pydi , Yann Chevaleyre

Normalizing Flows are generative models that directly maximize the likelihood. Previously, the design of normalizing flows was largely constrained by the need for analytical invertibility. We overcome this constraint by a training procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Felix Draxler , Peter Sorrenson , Lea Zimmermann , Armand Rousselot , Ullrich Köthe

The computational study of conformational transitions in RNA and proteins with atomistic molecular dynamics often requires suitable enhanced sampling techniques. We here introduce a novel method where concurrent metadynamics are integrated…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-09-01 Alejandro Gil-Ley , Giovanni Bussi

Replica exchange Monte Carlo (reMC), also known as parallel tempering, is an important technique for accelerating the convergence of the conventional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. However, such a method requires the evaluation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 Wei Deng , Qi Feng , Liyao Gao , Faming Liang , Guang Lin
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