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Watermarking is a technique for hiding of data in a medium coverage so that its presence is not detectable by a human eye and is recoverable only by the authorized recipient. Two of the most important features of watermarked image are…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Saeideh Nabipour , Javad Javidan , Majid Khorrami , Jila Azimzadeh

Digital watermarking is the process of embedding secret information by altering images in an undetectable way to the human eye. To increase the robustness of the model, many deep learning-based watermarking methods use the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Sijing Xie , Chengxin Zhao , Nan Sun , Wei Li , Hefei Ling

The commercialization of deep learning creates a compelling need for intellectual property (IP) protection. Deep neural network (DNN) watermarking has been proposed as a promising tool to help model owners prove ownership and fight piracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Jia Guo , Miodrag Potkonjak

DNNs shall be considered as the intellectual property (IP) of the model builder due to the impeding cost of designing/training a highly accurate model. Research attempts have been made to protect the authorship of the trained model and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Xinwei Fan , Osman Cihan Kilinc , Farinaz Koushanfar

Deep convolutional neural networks have made outstanding contributions in many fields such as computer vision in the past few years and many researchers published well-trained network for downloading. But recent studies have shown serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Xiquan Guan , Huamin Feng , Weiming Zhang , Hang Zhou , Jie Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Recently, more and more attention has been focused on the intellectual property protection of deep neural networks (DNNs), promoting DNN watermarking to become a hot research topic. Compared with embedding watermarks directly into DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yong Liu , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

In the expanding field of digital media, maintaining the strength and integrity of watermarking technology is becoming increasingly challenging. This paper, inspired by the Idempotent Generative Network (IGN), explores the prospects of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kaixin Deng

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao

The goal of 3D mesh watermarking is to embed the message in 3D meshes that can withstand various attacks imperceptibly and reconstruct the message accurately from watermarked meshes. The watermarking algorithm is supposed to withstand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xingyu Zhu , Guanhui Ye , Xiapu Luo , Xuetao Wei

Nowadays, deep neural networks are used for solving complex tasks in several critical applications and protecting both their integrity and intellectual property rights (IPR) has become of utmost importance. To this end, we advance WaterMAS,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Carl De Sousa Trias , Mihai Mitrea , Attilio Fiandrotti , Marco Cagnazzo , Sumanta Chaudhuri , Enzo Tartaglione

In this paper, we present DSN (Deep Serial Number), a simple yet effective watermarking algorithm designed specifically for deep neural networks (DNNs). Unlike traditional methods that incorporate identification signals into DNNs, our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Ruixiang Tang , Mengnan Du , Xia Hu

Watermarking diffusion-generated images is crucial for copyright protection and user tracking. However, current diffusion watermarking methods face significant limitations: zero-bit watermarking systems lack the capacity for large-scale…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jiazheng Xing , Hai Ci , Hongbin Xu , Hangjie Yuan , Yong Liu , Mike Zheng Shou

This paper introduces a blind watermarking based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). We propose an iterative learning framework to secure robustness of watermarking. One loop of learning process consists of the following three stages:…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Seung-Min Mun , Seung-Hun Nam , Han-Ul Jang , Dongkyu Kim , Heung-Kyu Lee

With the growing popularity of the Internet, digital images are used and transferred more frequently. Although this phenomenon facilitates easy access to information, it also creates security concerns and violates intellectual property…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Alireza Tavakoli , Zahra Honjani , Hedieh Sajedi

Watermarking inserts invisible data into content to protect copyright. The embedded information provides proof of authorship and facilitates tracking illegal distribution, etc. Current robust watermarking techniques have been proposed to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Seung-Hun Nam , Ji-Hyeon Kang , Heung-Kyu Lee

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have gained considerable traction in recent years due to the unparalleled results they gathered. However, the cost behind training such sophisticated models is resource intensive, resulting in many to consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Anh Tu Ngo , Chuan Song Heng , Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Despite the tremendous success, deep neural networks are exposed to serious IP infringement risks. Given a target deep model, if the attacker knows its full information, it can be easily stolen by fine-tuning. Even if only its output is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Weiming Zhang , Huamin Feng , Gang Hua , Nenghai Yu

With the rapid rise of generative AI and synthetic media, distinguishing AI-generated images from real ones has become crucial in safeguarding against misinformation and ensuring digital authenticity. Traditional watermarking techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Mehrdad Saberi , Soheil Feizi

Watermarking generative content serves as a vital tool for authentication, ownership protection, and mitigation of potential misuse. Existing watermarking methods face the challenge of balancing robustness and concealment. They empirically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Huayang Huang , Yu Wu , Qian Wang

Static deep neural network (DNN) watermarking techniques typically employ irreversible methods to embed watermarks into the DNN model weights. However, this approach causes permanent damage to the watermarked model and fails to meet the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Junren Qin , Shanxiang Lyu , Fan Yang , Jiarui Deng , Zhihua Xia , Xiaochun Cao