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We present Translatotron 2, a neural direct speech-to-speech translation model that can be trained end-to-end. Translatotron 2 consists of a speech encoder, a linguistic decoder, an acoustic synthesizer, and a single attention module that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Ye Jia , Michelle Tadmor Ramanovich , Tal Remez , Roi Pomerantz

We describe Parrotron, an end-to-end-trained speech-to-speech conversion model that maps an input spectrogram directly to another spectrogram, without utilizing any intermediate discrete representation. The network is composed of an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-30 Fadi Biadsy , Ron J. Weiss , Pedro J. Moreno , Dimitri Kanevsky , Ye Jia

This paper presents an end-to-end text-to-speech system with low latency on a CPU, suitable for real-time applications. The system is composed of an autoregressive attention-based sequence-to-sequence acoustic model and the LPCNet vocoder…

Voice conversion models have developed for decades, and current mainstream research focuses on non-streaming voice conversion. However, streaming voice conversion is more suitable for practical application scenarios than non-streaming voice…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Ziyi Chen , Haoran Miao , Pengyuan Zhang

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) holds the promise of breaking down communication barriers and enabling fluid conversations across languages. However, achieving accurate, real-time translation through mobile devices remains…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Alex Agranovich , Eliya Nachmani , Oleg Rybakov , Yifan Ding , Ye Jia , Nadav Bar , Heiga Zen , Michelle Tadmor Ramanovich

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on speech translation tasks. However, the model architecture is not efficient enough for streaming scenarios since self-attention is computed over an entire input sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Xutai Ma , Yongqiang Wang , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Philipp Koehn , Juan Pino

Streaming speech enhancement is a crucial task for real-time applications such as online meetings, smart home appliances, and hearing aids. Deep neural network-based approaches achieve exceptional performance while demanding substantial…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Sunghwan Ahn , Jinmo Han , Beom Jun Woo , Nam Soo Kim

End-to-end (E2E) models, which directly predict output character sequences given input speech, are good candidates for on-device speech recognition. E2E models, however, present numerous challenges: In order to be truly useful, such models…

Cascaded speech-to-speech translation systems often suffer from the error accumulation problem and high latency, which is a result of cascaded modules whose inference delays accumulate. In this paper, we propose a transducer-based speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Jinzheng Zhao , Niko Moritz , Egor Lakomkin , Ruiming Xie , Zhiping Xiu , Katerina Zmolikova , Zeeshan Ahmed , Yashesh Gaur , Duc Le , Christian Fuegen

Normally, a system that translates speech into text consists of separate modules for speech recognition and text-to-text translation. Combining those tasks into a SpeechLLM promises to exploit paralinguistic information in the speech and to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Titouan Parcollet , Shucong Zhang , Xianrui Zheng , Rogier C. van Dalen

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, such as Tacotron and WaveRNN, have made it possible to construct a fully neural network based TTS system, by coupling the two components together. Such a system is conceptually simple as it…

Recent advances of end-to-end models have outperformed conventional models through employing a two-pass model. The two-pass model provides better speed-quality trade-offs for on-device speech recognition, where a 1st-pass model generates…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-24 Wei Li , James Qin , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Ruoming Pang , Yanzhang He

A cascade-based speech-to-speech translation has been considered a benchmark for a very long time, but it is plagued by many issues, like the time taken to translate a speech from one language to another and compound errors. These issues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jules R. Kala , Emmanuel Adetiba , Abdultaofeek Abayom , Oluwatobi E. Dare , Ayodele H. Ifijeh

We present VoXtream, a fully autoregressive, zero-shot streaming text-to-speech (TTS) system for real-time use that begins speaking from the first word. VoXtream directly maps incoming phonemes to audio tokens using a monotonic alignment…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Nikita Torgashov , Gustav Eje Henter , Gabriel Skantze

The latency bottleneck of traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems fundamentally hinders the potential of streaming large language models (LLMs) in conversational AI. These TTS systems, typically trained and inferenced on complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

We describe a sequence-to-sequence neural network which directly generates speech waveforms from text inputs. The architecture extends the Tacotron model by incorporating a normalizing flow into the autoregressive decoder loop. Output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Ron J. Weiss , RJ Skerry-Ryan , Eric Battenberg , Soroosh Mariooryad , Diederik P. Kingma

A text-to-speech synthesis system typically consists of multiple stages, such as a text analysis frontend, an acoustic model and an audio synthesis module. Building these components often requires extensive domain expertise and may contain…

In this paper we present a Transformer-Transducer model architecture and a training technique to unify streaming and non-streaming speech recognition models into one model. The model is composed of a stack of transformer layers for audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Anshuman Tripathi , Jaeyoung Kim , Qian Zhang , Han Lu , Hasim Sak

Zero-shot streaming text-to-speech is an important research topic in human-computer interaction. Existing methods primarily use a lookahead mechanism, relying on future text to achieve natural streaming speech synthesis, which introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Haiyang Sun , Shujie Hu , Shujie Liu , Lingwei Meng , Hui Wang , Bing Han , Yifan Yang , Yanqing Liu , Sheng Zhao , Yan Lu , Yanmin Qian

Speaker anonymization aims to conceal cues to speaker identity while preserving linguistic content. Current machine learning based approaches require substantial computational resources, hindering real-time streaming applications. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-04 Waris Quamer , Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna
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