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This thesis explores how deep learning models learn over time, using ideas inspired by force analysis. Specifically, we zoom in on the model's training procedure to see how one training example affects another during learning, like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yi Ren

Researchers have demonstrated that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a powerful tool for finding policies that perform well on complex robotic systems. However, these policies are often unpredictable and can induce highly variable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Sean Gillen , Asutay Ozmen , Katie Byl

Reinforcement Learning is an area of Machine Learning focused on how agents can be trained to make sequential decisions, and achieve a particular goal within an arbitrary environment. While learning, they repeatedly take actions based on…

Understanding the behavior of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents is crucial for improving their performance and reliability. However, the complexity of their policies often makes them challenging to understand. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Sindre Benjamin Remman , Anastasios M. Lekkas

Deep neural networks, particularly those employing Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), are often perceived as complex, high-dimensional, non-linear systems. This complexity poses a significant challenge to understanding their internal learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Longqing Ye

With the advancement of deep learning, reducing computational complexity and memory consumption has become a critical challenge, and ternary neural networks (NNs) that restrict parameters to $\{-1, 0, +1\}$ have attracted attention as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuta Nakahara , Manabu Kobayashi , Toshiyasu Matsushima

Understanding the computational complexity of training simple neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) has recently been a subject of intensive research. Closing gaps and complementing results from the literature, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Vincent Froese , Christoph Hertrich , Rolf Niedermeier

Deep reinforcement learning agents for continuous control are known to exhibit significant instability in their performance over time. In this work, we provide a fresh perspective on these behaviors by studying the return landscape: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Nate Rahn , Pierluca D'Oro , Harley Wiltzer , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Marc G. Bellemare

Plasticity, the ability of a neural network to quickly change its predictions in response to new information, is essential for the adaptability and robustness of deep reinforcement learning systems. Deep neural networks are known to lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Clare Lyle , Zeyu Zheng , Evgenii Nikishin , Bernardo Avila Pires , Razvan Pascanu , Will Dabney

Despite the phenomenal success of deep learning in recent years, there remains a gap in understanding the fundamental mechanics of neural nets. More research is focussed on handcrafting complex and larger networks, and the design decisions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Saurav Basu , Koyel Mukherjee , Shrihari Vasudevan

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown immense potential for learning to control systems through data alone. However, one challenge deep RL faces is that the full state of the system is often not observable. When this is the case, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ian Char , Jeff Schneider

Reinforcement Learning (RL), bolstered by the expressive capabilities of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for function approximation, has demonstrated considerable success in numerous applications. However, its practicality in addressing various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Aditya Mohan , Amy Zhang , Marius Lindauer

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can learn complex policies to optimize agent operation over time. RL algorithms have shown promising results in solving complicated problems in recent years. However, their application on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hamed Khorasgani , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta , Susumu Serita

We present a data-efficient framework for solving visuomotor sequential decision-making problems which exploits the combination of reinforcement learning (RL) and latent variable generative models. Our framework trains deep visuomotor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Ali Ghadirzadeh , Petra Poklukar , Ville Kyrki , Danica Kragic , Mårten Björkman

Deep networks realize complex mappings that are often understood by their locally linear behavior at or around points of interest. For example, we use the derivative of the mapping with respect to its inputs for sensitivity analysis, or to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Guang-He Lee , David Alvarez-Melis , Tommi S. Jaakkola

It is well-known that modern neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. To mitigate this problem, a series of robust learning algorithms have been proposed. However, although the robust training error can be near zero via some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Binghui Li , Jikai Jin , Han Zhong , John E. Hopcroft , Liwei Wang

Sequential decision making under uncertainty is central to many Process Systems Engineering (PSE) challenges, where traditional methods often face limitations related to controlling and optimizing complex and stochastic systems.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Maximilian Bloor , Max Mowbray , Ehecatl Antonio Del Rio Chanona , Calvin Tsay

Learning with neural networks relies on the complexity of the representable functions, but more importantly, the particular assignment of typical parameters to functions of different complexity. Taking the number of activation regions as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-17 Hanna Tseran , Guido Montúfar

While the recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have achieved impressive results in learning motor skills, many of the trained policies are only capable within a limited set of initial states. We propose a technique to break down a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Visak C. V. Kumar , Sehoon Ha , C. Karen Liu

Reinforcement learning is hard in general. Yet, in many specific environments, learning is easy. What makes learning easy in one environment, but difficult in another? We address this question by proposing a simple measure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 David Abel , Cameron Allen , Dilip Arumugam , D. Ellis Hershkowitz , Michael L. Littman , Lawson L. S. Wong