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The $\alpha$ polymorph of V$_2$O$_5$ is one of the few known cathodes capable of reversibly intercalating multivalent ions such as Mg, Ca, Zn and Al, but suffers from sluggish diffusion kinetics. The role of H$_2$O within the electrolyte…

Battery function is determined by the efficiency and reversibility of the electrochemical phase transformations at solid electrodes. The microscopic tools available to study the chemical states of matter with the required spatial resolution…

A major challenge in the development of new battery materials is understanding their fundamental mechanisms of operation and degradation. Their microscopically inhomogeneous nature calls for characterization tools that provide operando and…

Chemiluminescent radiation of the vibrationally and rotationally excited OH radical, which dominates the nighttime near-infrared emission of the Earth's atmosphere in wide wavelength regions, is an important tracer of the chemical and…

The interaction of water with TiO2 is crucial to many of its practical applications, including photocatalytic water splitting. Following the first demonstration of this phenomenon 40 years ago there have been numerous studies of the rutile…

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in reduced strontium titanate offers a versatile platform for oxide electronics, yet its dissipation mechanisms under field driven charge fluctuations remain poorly understood. Here, we combine…

Chemically exfoliated nanoscale few-layer thin Li$_x$CoO$_2$ samples are studied as function of annealing at various temperatures, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopies (EELS), probing the O-K,…

Ultrahigh energy density batteries based on alpha-Li_xBN2 (1<x<3) positive electrode materials are predicted using density functional theory calculations. The utilization of the reversible LiBN2 + 2 Li+ + 2 e- -> Li3BN2 electrochemical cell…

The two-carrier transport model as proposed for the two-dimensional electron gas formed at the interfaces of oxide heterostructures is investigated by means of a combined perturbation of near ultra-violet radiation and electrostatic field,…

Semiconducting 2D materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and other members of the transition metal dichalcogenide family, have emerged as promising materials for applications in high performance nanoelectronics that exhibit…

Photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) on plasmonic structures is of great interest in photocatalysis to aid selectivity. While species commonly found in reaction environments and associated intermediates can steer the reaction down…

We report the electrochemical investigation of 5% Al doped MoS$_2$@rGO composite as a high-performance anode for sodium (Na)-ion batteries. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy…

Conversion reaction is one of the most important chemical processes in energy storage such as lithium ion batteries. While it is generally assumed that the conversion reaction is initiated by ion intercalation into the electrode material,…

In this study, we investigated the physisorption mechanisms of O2, H2O, CH4, and CO2 molecules on alumina and their effect on electronic properties. We employed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations and the self-consistent-charge…

We study the electronic structure of electron-doped Pr$_{1.3-x}$La$_{0.7}$Ce$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ (PLCCO ; $T_{c}$ = 27 K, x = 0.1) and hole-doped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ (Bi2212 ; $T_{c}$ = 90 K) cuprate superconductors using x-ray…

We present a refined Mn-Zn-H$_2$O Pourbaix diagram with the emphasis on parameters relevant for the Zn/MnO$_2$ rechargeable cells. It maps out boundaries of electrochemical stability for MnO$_2$, ZnMn$_2$O$_4$, ZnMn$_3$O$_7$, and MnOOH. The…

Quantifying the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols is crucial for estimating their impact on the Earth energy budget and climate, improving forecast of air pollution in cities, and reducing biases in the retrieval of greenhouse…

We have investigated the charge dynamics and the nature of many-body interactions in La- and Pr- doped CaFe2As2. From the infrared part of the optical conductivity, we discover that the scattering rate of mobile carriers above 200 K…

As global energy demands escalate, and the use of non-renewable resources become untenable, renewable resources and electric vehicles require far better batteries to stabilize the new energy landscape. To maximize battery performance and…

A novel non-destructive methodology for operando observation of ion intercalation and the state of charge on battery electrodes is presented based on spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The potentiality of this technique for performing…