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Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) can be accurately fine-tuned for downstream text processing tasks. Recently, researchers have introduced several parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods that optimize input prompts or adjust a small number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Saeed Najafi , Alona Fyshe

This article focuses on large language models (LLMs) fine-tuning in the scarce data regime (also known as the "few-shot" learning setting). We propose a method to increase the generalization capabilities of LLMs based on neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Louis Falissard , Vincent Guigue , Laure Soulier

Fine tuning has been regarded as a de facto approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but the high training memory consumption inherited from LLMs makes this process inefficient. Among existing memory efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Runjia Zeng , Qifan Wang , Qiang Guan , Ruixiang Tang , Lifu Huang , Zhenting Wang , Xueling Zhang , Cheng Han , Dongfang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains. However, a fundamental question remains: Can LLMs effectively utilize causal knowledge for prediction and generation? Through empirical studies, we find…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Kairong Han , Wenshuo Zhao , Ziyu Zhao , JunJian Ye , Lujia Pan , Kun Kuang

In this paper we present the first investigation into the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Failure Mode Classification (FMC). FMC, the task of automatically labelling an observation with a corresponding failure mode code,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Michael Stewart , Melinda Hodkiewicz , Sirui Li

The linguistic capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are critical for their effective application across diverse tasks. This study aims to evaluate the performance of MLLMs on the VALSE benchmark, focusing on the efficacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mustafa Dogan , Ilker Kesen , Iacer Calixto , Aykut Erdem , Erkut Erdem

Large language models (LLMs) possess a remarkable ability to perform in-context learning (ICL), which enables them to handle multiple downstream tasks simultaneously without requiring task-specific fine-tuning. Recent studies have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Wenchong He , Liqian Peng , Zhe Jiang , Alex Go

Maintaining consistent model performance across domains is a fundamental challenge in machine learning. While recent work has explored using LLM-generated data for fine-tuning, its impact on cross-domain generalization remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Chao-Chung Wu , Zhi Rui Tam , Chieh-Yen Lin , Yun-Nung Chen , Shao-Hua Sun , Hung-yi Lee

Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on generating explicit tokens step by step, and their effectiveness typically hinges on large-scale supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoyu Zheng , Zhuonan Wang , Yuqian Yuan , Tianwei Lin , Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Hongyang He

Recent advances show that large language models (LLMs) generalize strong performance across different natural language benchmarks. However, the large size of LLMs makes training and inference expensive and impractical to run in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Laurence Liang

Large language models (LLMs) are very proficient text generators. We leverage this capability of LLMs to generate task-specific data via zero-shot prompting and promote cross-lingual transfer for low-resource target languages. Given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Barah Fazili , Ashish Sunil Agrawal , Preethi Jyothi

This thesis provides methods and analysis of models which make progress on this goal. The techniques outlined are task agnostic, and should provide benefit when used with nearly any transformer LM. We introduce two new finetuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Davis Yoshida

Few-shot Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), functioning as a whole to guide these models in generating reasoning steps toward final answers. However, we observe that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Shaotian Yan , Chen Shen , Wenxiao Wang , Liang Xie , Junjie Liu , Jieping Ye

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in real-world applications. However, adapting LLMs to novel tasks via fine-tuning often requires substantial training data and computational resources that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Boyan Gao , Xin Wang , Yibo Yang , David Clifton

Tabular data high-stakes critical decision-making in domains such as finance, healthcare, and scientific discovery. Yet, learning effectively from tabular data in few-shot settings, where labeled examples are scarce, remains a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Zhihan Yang , Jiaqi Wei , Xiang Zhang , Haoyu Dong , Yiwen Wang , Xiaoke Guo , Pengkun Zhang , Yiwei Xu , Chenyu You

Fine-tuning large language models on new data improves task performance but degrades capabilities learned during pretraining, a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. Existing methods mitigate this by modifying the fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Parjanya Prajakta Prashant , Jiongli Zhu , Aldan Creo , Babak Salimi

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by their sequential, token-by-token generation process. We argue that overcoming this bottleneck requires a new design axis for LLM scaling: increasing the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenze Shao , Darren Li , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

This paper explores a simple method for improving the zero-shot learning abilities of language models. We show that instruction tuning -- finetuning language models on a collection of tasks described via instructions -- substantially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Jason Wei , Maarten Bosma , Vincent Y. Zhao , Kelvin Guu , Adams Wei Yu , Brian Lester , Nan Du , Andrew M. Dai , Quoc V. Le

Fine-tuning large language models (LLM) can be costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) addresses the problems by training a fraction of the parameters, whose success reveals the expressiveness and flexibility of pretrained models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani