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We present an online tutoring system that learns to provide effective feedback to students after they answer questions incorrectly. Using data from one million students, the system learns which assistance action (e.g., one of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Robin Schmucker , Nimish Pachapurkar , Shanmuga Bala , Miral Shah , Tom Mitchell

Particle dynamics and multi-agent systems provide accurate dynamical models for studying and forecasting the behavior of complex interacting systems. They often take the form of a high-dimensional system of differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Yuxuan Liu , Scott G. McCalla , Hayden Schaeffer

We consider infinite horizon dynamic programming problems, where the control at each stage consists of several distinct decisions, each one made by one of several agents. In an earlier work we introduced a policy iteration algorithm, where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Dimitri Bertsekas

The softmax policy gradient (PG) method, which performs gradient ascent under softmax policy parameterization, is arguably one of the de facto implementations of policy optimization in modern reinforcement learning. For $\gamma$-discounted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

Given a Markov decision process (MDP), we seek to learn representations for a range of policies to facilitate behavior steering at test time. As policies of an MDP are uniquely determined by their occupancy measures, we propose modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Beiming Li , Sergio Rozada , Alejandro Ribeiro

We study the problem of off-policy evaluation in the multi-armed bandit model with bounded rewards, and develop minimax rate-optimal procedures under three settings. First, when the behavior policy is known, we show that the Switch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-20 Cong Ma , Banghua Zhu , Jiantao Jiao , Martin J. Wainwright

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) model is one of the most classical models to study decision-making in an uncertain environment. In this model, a player chooses one of $K$ possible arms of a bandit machine to play at each time step, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Bo Li , Chi Ho Yeung

Ranking is a fundamental and widely studied problem in scenarios such as search, advertising, and recommendation. However, joint optimization for multi-scenario ranking, which aims to improve the overall performance of several ranking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Jun Feng , Heng Li , Minlie Huang , Shichen Liu , Wenwu Ou , Zhirong Wang , Xiaoyan Zhu

In this paper, we introduce a policy-gradient method for model-based reinforcement learning (RL) that exploits a type of stationary distributions commonly obtained from Markov decision processes (MDPs) in stochastic networks, queueing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Céline Comte , Matthieu Jonckheere , Jaron Sanders , Albert Senen-Cerda

We study the stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem where an underlying network structure enables side-observations across related actions. We use a bipartite graph to link actions to a set of unknowns, such that selecting an action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ashutosh Soni , Peizhong Ju , Atilla Eryilmaz , Ness B. Shroff

We study the nonstationary stochastic Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) problem in which the distribution of rewards associated with each arm are assumed to be time-varying and the total variation in the expected rewards is subject to a variation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Lai Wei , Vaibhav Srivastava

Sequential decision making under uncertainty is studied in a mixed observability domain. The goal is to maximize the amount of information obtained on a partially observable stochastic process under constraints imposed by a fully observable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Mikko Lauri , Risto Ritala

This work develops a fully decentralized multi-agent algorithm for policy evaluation. The proposed scheme can be applied to two distinct scenarios. In the first scenario, a collection of agents have distinct datasets gathered following…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Lucas Cassano , Kun Yuan , Ali H. Sayed

Natural language processing (NLP) has seen remarkable advancements with the development of large language models (LLMs). Despite these advancements, LLMs often produce socially biased outputs. Recent studies have mainly addressed this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zhenjie Xu , Wenqing Chen , Yi Tang , Xuanying Li , Cheng Hu , Zhixuan Chu , Kui Ren , Zibin Zheng , Zhichao Lu

We propose a Stochastic MPC (SMPC) approach for autonomous driving which incorporates multi-modal, interaction-aware predictions of surrounding vehicles. For each mode, vehicle motion predictions are obtained by a control model described…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-09 Siddharth H. Nair , Vijay Govindarajan , Theresa Lin , Yan Wang , Eric H. Tseng , Francesco Borrelli

In a multi-agent system, an agent's optimal policy will typically depend on the policies chosen by others. Therefore, a key issue in multi-agent systems research is that of predicting the behaviours of others, and responding promptly to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Dongge Han , Wendelin Boehmer , Michael Wooldridge , Alex Rogers

Service system performance depends on how participants respond to design choices, but modeling these responses is hard due to the complexity of human behavior. We introduce an LLM-powered multi-agent simulation (LLM-MAS) framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yanyuan Wang , Xiaowei Zhang

In interactive systems, actions are often correlated, presenting an opportunity for more sample-efficient off-policy evaluation (OPE) and learning (OPL) in large action spaces. We introduce a unified Bayesian framework to capture these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Imad Aouali , Victor-Emmanuel Brunel , David Rohde , Anna Korba

Policy Gradient (PG) algorithms are among the best candidates for the much-anticipated applications of reinforcement learning to real-world control tasks, such as robotics. However, the trial-and-error nature of these methods poses safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Matteo Papini , Matteo Pirotta , Marcello Restelli

Inspired by successful biological collective decision mechanisms such as honey bees searching for a new colony or the collective navigation of fish schools, we consider a mean field games (MFG)-like scenario where a large number of agents…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Rabih Salhab , Roland P. Malhamé , Jerome Le Ny